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39 Cards in this Set
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Explain Cell Theory
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Cells are the basic unit of life. The contributions of many scientists led to the discover of cells and the development of the cell theory. Three parts: 1) All organisms are made of cells 2)All cells are produced by other living cells 3)Cells are the basic unit of life
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Cell Organelles.
What similarities do eukaryotic cells share? |
1)They have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles that perform special tasks in the cell. 2)Many of the organelles help make proteins 3)Plant and animal cells share many of the same types of organelles, but they both also have organelles that are specific to the cells' unique functions.
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Explain the cell membrane.
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The cell membrane is a barrier that separates a cell from it's external environment. 1) It is made of a double layer of phospholipids and a variety of embedded molecules 2)Some of these molecules send out signals and some receive signals 3)The membrane is selectively permeable--it allows some but not all materials to cross
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Why do materials move across membranes?
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Because of concentration differences
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What is diffusion?
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Diffusion is the movement of molecules that are in fluid or gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It does not require the cell to use energy. It is passive transport.
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What is osmosis?
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Osmosis is the diffusion of water into or out of the cell. The amount of water going into and out a cell depends on the concentration of the surrounding solution.
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If cells need to transport materials across the membrane and these materials can not be diffused, what must the cell use?
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Energy
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Name three processes that require the use of energy.
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1)Active transport
2)Endocytosis 3)Exocytosis |
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What is active transport?
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The movement of molecules across the membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. It requires the use of energy.
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What is endocytosis?
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The movement of substances INTO the cell through vesicles. Endocytosis uses energy.
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What is exocytosis?
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The movement of substances OUT OF the cell in vesicles. Exocytosis uses energy.
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Explain the cell wall.
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Rigid structure that gives protection, support and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.
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Define centriole.
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small cylinder shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a circle, aids mitosis
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chloroplast
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organelle made up of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Chloroplast organelles contain chlorophyll.
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concentration gradient
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difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another
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cytoplasm
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jellylike substance inside cells that contain molecules and in some cells organelles
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cytoskeleton
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network of proteins, such as microtubules and microfilaments, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes the cell
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How does endocytosis work?
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liquids or large molecules are taken into the cell by an inward folding of the cell membrane
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endoplasmic reticulum
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interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins
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eukaryotic cell
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cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
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How does exocytosis work?
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substances are released from the cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane
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What is facilitated diffusion?
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diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane
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fluid mosiac model
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model that describes the arrangement and movement of molecules that make up a cell membrane
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golgi apparatus
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stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort and deliver proteins
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hypertonic
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solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles when compared with another solution
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hypotonic
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solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles when compared to another solution
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isotonic
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solution that has an equal amount of dissolved particles when compared with another solution
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lysosome
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organelle that contains enzymes
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mitochondrion (plural mitochondria)
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bean shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and dna
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nucleus(plural nuclei)
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organelle composed of a double membrane that acts as a storehouse for most of the cells DNA
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What is passive transport?
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Movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell
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What is phagocytosis?
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Uptake of a solid particle into the cell by engulfing the particle
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phospholipid
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molecule that forms a double layered cell membrane, consists of a glycerol, a phosphate group and two fatty acids
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prokaryotic cell
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cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
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receptor
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protein that detects/receives a signal molecule and performs an action in response
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ribosome
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organelle that links amino acids together to from proteins
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selective permeability
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condition or quality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane
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vacuole
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organelle that is used to store materials, such as water, food, or enzymes that are needed by the cell
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vesicle
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small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm
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