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51 Cards in this Set
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- 3rd side (hint)
Muscles derived from Branchial arch 1
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Innervated by V3: mm of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, tensor tympani and tensor veli palati
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Muscles derived from Branchial arch 2
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Innervated by VII: mm of facial expression plus platysma, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
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post-punk hipster with unique "high style", funny facial expression, stapedius muscle didnt save his eardrums
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what mm are innervated by VII
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Branchial arch 2: mm of facial expression plus platysma, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
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what are mm of facial expression plus platysma, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius innervated by and derived from?
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VII, branchial arch 2
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what MM are innervated by V3
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Branhcial arch 1: mm of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, tensor tympani and tensor veli palati
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"tense man a plane" in the mile high club, mylohoid is always with anterior digastric, tensors
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Musclues derived from Arch 1
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mm of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, tensor tympani and tensor veli palati
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what are mm of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, tensor tympani and tensor veli palati innervated by and derived from
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V3, arch 1
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What muscles are derived from Arch 3
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Stylopharangeus CN IX
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Stylopharangeus: what ach and CN
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CN IX, Arch 3
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What muscles are derived from arch 4-6
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CN X: 3 constrictors, 4 muscles of palate: Levator veli palati, musculi uvuli, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, Muscles of the larynx: Aryepiglotticus, thyroepiglottic, thyroarytenoid, arytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid
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what muscles are innervated by vagus
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arch 4-6: 3 constrictors, 4 muscles of palate: Levator veli palati, musculi uvuli, palatoglossus, Muscles of the larynx: Aryepiglotticus, thyroepiglottic, thyroarytenoid, arytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid
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innervation and arch derivation: 3 constrictors, 4 muscles of palate: Levator veli palati, musculi uvuli, palatoglossus, Muscles of the larynx: Aryepiglotticus, thyroepiglottic, thyroarytenoid, arytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid
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CN X arch 3
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What is the innervation of the eyelid muscles?
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A) Orbicularis oculi (closes eye): CN VII
B) Levator palpebrae superioris (elevates the lid), CN III C) Superior tarsal muscle (elevates lid): sympathetic. A and B are striated and C is smooth muscle. |
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Orbicularis oculi (closes eye):
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CN VII
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Levator palpebrae superioris
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CN III
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Superior tarsal muscle (elevates lid):
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sympathetic
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Which cranial nerve provides secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland? Make a sketch of the distribution of the IX nerve, particularly noting the tympanic branch, tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal, otic ganglion and auriculotemporal nerve.
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The parotid gland receives its secretomotor innervation from the IX nerve. The IX nerve eventually provides a branch termed the lesser petrosal nerve which enters the otic ganglion and synapses there. The postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion accompany a branch of the Vth cranial nerve. This is the auriculotemporal nerve which will carry the secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland.
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maxillary artery -First part--between neck of mandible and sphenomandibular ligament
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middle meningeal--deep to lateral pterygoid, goes through foramen spinosum to middle cranial fossa
inferior alveolar artery--enters mandibular foramen to mandibular teeth small branches--deep auricular and anterior tympanic |
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maxillary artery - Second part--part crossing lateral pterygoid
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muscular branches--to muscles of mastication (many have been cut by this time): deep temporal, masseteric, buccal and pterygoid arteries
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maxillary artery -Third part--in the pterygopalatine fossa
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posterior superior alveolar artery--just before maxillary artery passes through pterygomaxillary fissure
Remaining branches will be studied later with pterygopalatine fossa |
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Stylohyoid
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Facial nerve [VII]
Pulls hyoid bone upward in a posterosuperior direction |
post-punk with good style has a silly facial expression
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Digastric -Anterior belly
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Mylohyoid nerve from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [V3]
Opens mouth by lowering mandible; raises hyoid bone |
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-Posterior belly of the digastric
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Facial nerve [VII] via branch that also goes to stylohyoid
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MylohyoidMylohyoid
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Mylohyoid nerve from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve [V3]
Support and elevation of floor of mouth; elevation of hyoid |
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Geniohyoid
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Branch from anterior ramus of C1 (carried along the hypoglossal nerve [XII])
Fixed mandible elevates and pulls hyoid bone forward; fixed hyoid bone pulls mandible downward and in-ward |
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Genioglossus
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Superior mental tubercles
Body of hyoid; entire length of tongue Hypoglossal nerve [XII] Protrudes tongue; depresses center of tongue |
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Hyoglossus
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Greater horn and adjacent part of body of hyoid bone
Lateral surface of tongue Hypoglossal nerve [XII] Depresses tongue |
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Styloglossus
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Styloid process (anterolateral surface)
Lateral surface of tongue Hypoglossal nerve [XII] Elevates and retracts tongue |
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Palatoglossus
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Inferior surface of palatine aponeurosis
Lateral margin of tongue Vagus nerve [X] (via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus) Depresses palate; moves palatoglossal fold toward midline; elevates back of the tongue |
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Stylohyoid
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Base of styloid process
Lateral area of body of hyoid bone Facial nerve [VII] Pulls hyoid bone upward in a posterosuperior direction |
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Styloglossus
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Styloid process (anterolateral surface)
Lateral surface of tongue Hypoglossal nerve [XII] Elevates and retracts tongue |
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Stylopharyngeus
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Medial side of base of styloid process
Pharyngeal wall Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX] Elevation of the pharynx |
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Tensor veli palatine
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Scaphoid fossa of sphenoid bone; fibrous part of pharyngotympanic tube; spine of sphenoid
Palatine aponeurosis Mandibular nerve [V3] via the branch to medial pterygoid muscle Tenses the soft palate; opens the pharyngotympanic tube |
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Levator veli palatine
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Petrous part of temporal bone anterior to opening for carotid canal
Superior surface of palatine aponeurosis Vagus nerve [X] via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus Only muscle to elevate the soft palate above the neutral position |
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Between basioccipital and superior constrictor
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1. tensor veli palatini muscle
2. levator veli palatini muscle 3. pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube 4. ascending palatine artery (from facial) 5. ascending pharyngeal artery (from external carotid) 6. V3 7. middle meningeal artery |
2 moustachioed paladins with 3 rising arteries and V3
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Between superior and middle constrictor (
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1. stylopharyngeus muscle
2. glossopharyngeal nerve 3. tonsillar branch of facial artery |
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Between middle and inferior constrictor
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1. Internal laryngeal nerve
2. Superior laryngeal artery and veins. These (1 & 2) pierce the thyrohyoid membrane. Identify external laryngeal nerve, supplying cricothyroid and inferior constrictor muscles. |
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Between inferior constrictor and esophagus
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1. recurrent laryngeal nerve
2. inferior laryngeal artery and vein |
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various muscles attaching to the hyoid bone
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sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid, stylohyoid, diigastric,stylohyoid ligament, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, middle constrictor, and hyoglossus,
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Review the relations of the hyoglossus muscle
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Superficial Relations:
Lingual nerve, XII, submandibular duct Deep Relations: Lingual artery and vein, IX, stylohyoid ligament |
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Cricothyroid
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External branch of superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve [X]
Forward and downward rotation of the thyroid cartilage at the cricothyroid joint |
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Posterior cricoarytenoid
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Recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve [X]
External rotation and abduction of the arytenoid cartilage |
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What is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? Where does the nerve enter the larynx? Is this nerve also sensory? If so, what part of the larynx does it supply? How do you explain the fact that a patient with a laryngeal tumor may present complaining of an earache and hoarseness?
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All of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The nerve enters the larynx at the boundary between the larynx and the trachea. Not only is this nerve motor but it also supplies sensation to the larynx from the true vocal cords inferiorly. Remember the vagus also has a branch that supplies the skin of the external auditory canal termed the auricular branch of the vagus. Thus, in patients who have a laryngeal tumor, pain may be referred to the ear.
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What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle? Innervation? How do you test it clinically? How do you test clinically, the motor function of the recurrent laryngeal nerves?
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The cricothyroid muscle primarily tenses the vocal cords by its hinging action of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. It is innervated by the external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. It is generally not practical to test the muscle clinically. Testing of the recurrent laryngeal nerves is usually done during indirect examination of the larynx at the time one asks the patients to phonate. One is examining the vocal cords during this time and watches for their parallel motion.
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Stylopharyngeus
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Medial side of base of styloid process
Pharyngeal wall Glossopharyngeal nerve [IX] Elevation of the pharynx |
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Salpingopharyngeu
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Inferior aspect of pharyngeal end of pharyngotympanic tube
Pharyngeal wall Vagus nerve [X] Elevation of the pharynx |
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Palatopharyngeus
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Palatopharyngeus
Upper surface of palatine aponeurosis Pharyngeal wall Vagus nerve [X] Elevation of the pharynx; closure of the oropharyngeal isthmus |
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Tensor veli palatini
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Mandibular nerve [V3] via the branch to medial pterygoid muscle
Tenses the soft palate; opens the pharyngotympanic tube |
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Levator veli palatini
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Vagus nerve [X] via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus
Only muscle to elevate the soft palate above the neutral position |
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Palatopharyngeus
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Vagus nerve [X] via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus
Depresses soft palate; moves palatopharyngeal arch toward midline; elevates pharynx |
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Palatoglossus
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Vagus nerve [X] via pharyngeal branch to pharyngeal plexus
Depresses palate; moves palatoglossal arch toward midline; elevates back of the tongue |
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