Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
|
Personality
|
|
A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
|
Free Association
|
|
Freud's theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; technique used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
|
Psychoanalysis
|
|
According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware
|
Unconscious
|
|
Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives; operates on the "pleasure principle," demanding immediate gratification
|
id
|
|
The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, acc. to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality; operates on the "reality principle," satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
|
Ego
|
|
The part of personality that, acc. to Freud, represents internalised ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations
|
Superego
|
|
The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital) during which, acc. to Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zone
|
Psychosexual Stage
|
|
acc. to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
|
Oedipus Complex
|
|
The process by which, acc. to Freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos
|
Identification
|
|
acc. to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved
|
Fixation
|
|
In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
|
Defence Mechanisms
|
|
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defence mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
|
Repression
|
|
Psychoanalytic defence mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
|
Regression
|
|
Psychoanalytic defence mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites; thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings
|
Reaction Formation
|
|
Psychoanalytic defence mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
|
Projection
|
|
Defence mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions
|
Rationalization
|
|
Psychoanalytic defence mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet
|
Displacement
|
|
Defence mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities
|
Denial
|
|
Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from out species' history
|
Collective Unconscious
|
|
A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics
|
Projective Test
|
|
A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
|
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
|
|
The most widely used projective test, a set of 100 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analysing their interpretations of the blots
|
Rorschach Inkblot test
|
|
According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfil one's potential
|
Self-Actualisation
|
|
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
|
Unconditional Positive Regard
|
|
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves
|
Self-Concept
|
|
A characteristic pattern of behaviour or a disposition to feel and act
|
Trait
|
|
A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviours; used to assess selected personality traits
|
Personality Inventory
|
|
The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests; originally developed to identify emotional disorder (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes
|
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
|
|
A test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
|
Empiraclly Derived Test
|
|
Views behaviour as influenced by the interactions between people's traits and their social context
|
Social-Cognitive Perspective
|
|
The interacting influences of behaviours, internal cognition, and environment
|
Reciprocal Determinism
|
|
The extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless
|
Personal Control
|
|
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate
|
External Locus of Control
|
|
The perception that you control your own fate
|
Internal Locus of Control
|
|
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
|
Learned Helplessness
|
|
The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths, and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
|
Positive Psychology
|
|
In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the centre of personality, the organiser of our thoughts, feelings, and actions
|
Self
|
|
Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders
|
Spotlight Effect
|
|
One's feelings of high or low self-esteem
|
Self-esteem
|
|
A readiness to perceive oneself favorable
|
Self-Serving Bias
|