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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Volatility |
Is the ease that a liquid turns into a gas. Volatility increases as boiling point decreases. |
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Reflux |
Is the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry. |
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Esterification |
Is the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water. |
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Dehydration |
Is an elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule. |
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Hydrolysis |
Is a reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds. |
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Nucleophilic substitution |
Is a type of substitution reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. |
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% yield |
(actual amount (mol) of product/theoretical amount (mol) of product) x 100% |
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A limiting reagent |
Is the substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first. |
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Atom economy |
(molecular mass of the desired product/sum of molecular masses of all products) x 100% |
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Molecular ion, M+ |
Is the positive ion formed in mass spectrometry when a molecule loses an electron. |
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Fragmentation |
Is the process in mass spectrometry that causes a positive ion to split into pieces, one of which is a positive fragment ion. |
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An electrophile |
Is an electron pair acceptor. |
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A nucleophile |
Is an electron pair donor. |