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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three Types of Mutation: Examples of Each |
Beneficial: Accumulate over time because increase reproductive success: Sickle-cell allele. Harmful: Huntington's disease (brain disorder), viruses like human influenza Neutral - no advantage, no disadvantage |
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Definition of Mutation |
Mutations create new genes that provide a continual supply of new genetic infomation. |
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Domestication/Artficial Selection of ____ to make dogs, and of wild sea cabbage selected for stem and flowers to make _____, or terminal bud to make _____ |
Canis lupus, broccoli, cabbage |
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Advantages/Disadvantages/Limitation of Artificial Selection |
Trait breeded for will be drastically more prominent than in original breeding population (ie tomatoes), decrease biodiversity making prone to disease (large corn cobs = insect pests), some bring bad alleles like dogs with hip dysplasia/cancer or strawberries that are white on inside. Can't create traits that don't already exist unless genetic engineering, and process is slow unless blah. |
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The First Proposed Mechanism to Evolution |
Chevalier de Lamarck, use and diuse, although wrong because ex. eyes, proposed all species evolved over time, a species evolves in response to its environment and becomes better adapted, and changes are passed on from generation to generation |
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Fossil Formation |
- Needs lack of oxygen to prevent decomposition - buried in sediment (more common underwater) - Fossil becomes mineralized, more common in hard-body like shells than soft like leaves |
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Catastrophism |
George Curvier (paleontologist), Global Catastrophes explain the different fossils found at different layers and shallower most closely resemble living organisms Didn't explain rising complexity, simple everywhere |
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Uniformitarianism |
Charles Lyell (father of modern geology) - Earth has been changed by the same processes now as in past - Slow and gradual than fast and catastrophic - Natural laws are constant and eternal, same intensity now as it was before |
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Biogeography |
study of geographic distribution of living things and fossils, |
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Observations made by Darwin in the Galapogos Islands |
- Similarity to closest land mass, but otherwise unique, lack of fear of humans, no native amphibians or large land mammals (b/c couldn't get there) |