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289 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Pronunciation of Acetazolamide
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a-seet-a-ZOLE-a-mide
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What is the brand name of Acetazolamide?
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Diamox TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Acetazolamide
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Diuretic
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Acetazolamide?
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
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M.O.A of Acetazolamide?
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Inhibits interconversion of carbonic acid and bicarbonate, increases renal NaHCO3 excretion, inhibits aqueous humor formation, causes metabolic acidosis (hyperchloremic)
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Clinical Uses of Acetazolamide
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Treatment of open-angle glaucoma, mountain sickness, metabolic alkalosis, alkalinization of urine
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Special Considerations for Acetazolamide
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Tolerance to diuretic effect develops rapidly
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Adverse Effects of Acetazolamide
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Paresthesia, urinary calculus formation [Ca(PO4)2]
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Interactions of Acetazolamide
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Decreases urinary excretion of weak bases
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Similar Drugs to Acetazolamide
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dorzolamide
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Pronunciation of Adenosine
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a-DEN-oh-seen
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What is the brand name of Adenosine?
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Adenocard TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Adenosine
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Antiarrhythmic agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Adenosine?
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Purine nucleoside
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M.O.A of Adenosine?
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Opens potassium channels and blocks calcium influx in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, slows atrioventricular conduction, increases atrioventricular refractory period
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Special Considerations for Adenosine
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Given as intravenous bolus
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Adverse Effects of Adenosine
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Can causes transient asystole
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Interactions of Adenosine
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Dipyridamole inhibits uptake and increases it effects
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Similar Drugs to Adenosine
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none
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Pronunciation of Amiloride
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a-MILL-oh-ride
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What is the brand name of Amiloride?
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Midamor TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Amiloride
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Potassium-sparing diruretic
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Amiloride?
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Epithelial sodium channel blocker
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M.O.A of Amiloride?
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Blocks Na+ channels in distal tubule and collecting duct, inhibits Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion
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Special Considerations for Amiloride
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Often combined with thiazide or loop-acting diuretic
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Clinical Uses of Amiloride
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Prevention and treatment of hypokalemia
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Adverse Effects of Amiloride
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Hyperkalemia
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Interactions of Amiloride
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Additive effects on K+ with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and K+ supplements
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Similar Drugs to Amiloride
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triamterene
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Pronunciation of Amiodarone
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am-EE-oh-da-rone
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What is the brand name of Amiodarone?
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Cordarone TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Amiodarone
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Antiarrhythmic agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Amiodarone?
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Cardiac ion channel blocker
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M.O.A of Amiodarone?
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Blocks K+, Na+, Ca++ channels and adrenergic Beta-receptors, prolongs cardiac repolarization, increases refractory periods, slows heart rate, increases PR and QT intervals
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Special Considerations for Amiodarone
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Very long half-life
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Clinical Uses of Amiodarone
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Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, inculding ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia
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Adverse Effects of Amiodarone
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Hypo- and hyperthyroidism, photosensitivity, blue-gray skin discoloration, corneal microdeposits, pulmonary fibrosis
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Interactions of Amiodarone
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Increases levels of digoxin, class I antiarrhythmic agents, cyclosporine, phenytoin, theophyline
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Similar Drugs to Amiodarone
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none
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Pronunciation of Amlodipine
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am-LOE-di-peen
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What is the brand name of Amlodipine?
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Norvasc TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Amlodipine
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Antihypertensive and antianginal agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Amlodipine?
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Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
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M.O.A of Amlodipine?
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Blocks calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing arteriolar vasodilation and increasing coronary blood flow
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Clinical Uses of Amlodipine
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Hypertension, angina pectoris
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Special Considerations for Amlodipine
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Long half lfe (30-50 hours)
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Adverse Effects of Amlodipine
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Headache, edema, hypotension
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Interactions of Amlodipine
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Levels and effects increased by concurrent ingestion of grapefruit juice
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Similar Drugs to Amlodipine
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felodipine, isradipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine
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Pronunciation of Carvedilol
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car-ve-DYE-lole
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What is the brand name of Carvedilol?
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Coreg TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Carvedilol
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Antihypertensive and heart failure treatment
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Carvedilol?
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Non-selective adrenergic receptor antagonist
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M.O.A of Carvedilol?
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Blocks beta-1, beta-2, and alpha-1 receptors, exerts antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects, causes vasodilation
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Clinical Uses of Carvedilol
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Heart Failure, decreases caridac remdoeling, disease progression, and mortality while improving symptoms, treatment of hypertension
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Special Considerations for Carvedilol
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Begin with low doses in heart failure and gradually increase
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Adverse Effects of Carvedilol
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Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, fatigue, bradycardia, worsening of heart failure if dose too high
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Interactions of Carvedilol
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Effects increased by antihypertensive drugs, digoxin (bradycardia), monamine oxidase inhibitors, effects decreased by rifampin, throid hormones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, decreases cardiovascular effects of dopamine or dobutamine
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Similar Drugs to Carvedilol
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labetalol
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Pronunciation of Clonidine
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KLOE-ni-deen
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What is the brand name of Clonidine?
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Catapres TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Clonidine
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Antihypertensive drug
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Clonidine?
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Adrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonist
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M.O.A of Clonidine?
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Activates central alpha-2 receptors, decreases sympathetic outflow from vasomotor center, inhibits pain neurotransmission in spinal cord
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Clinical Uses of Clonidine
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Hypertension, cancer pain unresponsive to opioids (epidural), Opioid withdrawal
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Special Considerations for Clonidine
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7-day transdermal system available, abrupt withdrawal may cause severe rebound hypertension
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Adverse Effects of Clonidine
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Sedation and dry mouth
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Interactions of Clonidine
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Additive sedation with CNS depressants, additive hypotension with nitrates and antihypertensive drugs, antihypertensive effect decreased by tricyclic antidepressants and adrenergic receptor antagonists
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Similar Drugs to Clonidine
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ganfacine, METHYLDOPA
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Pronunciation of Digoxin
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dij-OX-in
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What is the brand name of Digoxin?
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Lanoxin TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Digoxin
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Cardiac stimulant
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Digoxin?
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Digitalis glycoside (cardenolide)
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M.O.A of Digoxin?
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Inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase, increases intracellular Ca++ and cardiac contractility, slows atrioventricular conduction and increases atrioventricular refractory period
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Clinical Uses of Digoxin
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Treatment of heart failure, used to slow ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation
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Special Considerations for Digoxin
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Serum levels are used to assess dosage or confirm toxicity and should be in the range of 0.5 to 2 nanograms/mL
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Adverse Effects of Digoxin
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Cardiac arrhythmias, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, yellow vision
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Interactions of Digoxin
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Amiodarone, quinidine, cyclosporine, diltiazem, and verapamil increase serum levels, diuretic-induced hypokalemia increases effects and toxicity
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Similar Drugs to Digoxin
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none
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Pronunciation of Diltiazem
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dill-TYE-a-zem
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What is the brand name of Diltiazem?
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Cardizem TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Diltiazem
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Vasodilator, antiarryhthmic agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Diltiazem?
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Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
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M.O.A of Diltiazem?
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Blocks calcium channels in cardiac tissue and vascular smooth muscel, produces vasodilation, slows heart rate and conduction
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Clinical Uses of Diltiazem
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Hypertension, angina pectoris, supraventricular tachycardia
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Special Considerations for Diltiazem
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Usually well tolerated
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Adverse Effects of Diltiazem
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Dizziness, hypotension, peripheral edema, constipation, gingival hyperplasia
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Interactions of Diltiazem
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Increases levels of digoxin, cyclosporin, quinidine, carbamazepine, grapefruit juice increases serum levels
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Similar Drugs to Diltiazem
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verapamil
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Pronunciation of Dofetilide
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doe-FET-i-lide
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What is the brand name of Dofetilide?
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Tikosyn TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Dofetilide
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Antiarrhythmic agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Dofetilide?
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K+ channel blocker
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M.O.A of Dofetilide?
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Blocks delayed rectifier K+ in cardia tissue, slows repolarization and prolongs refractory periods, increases QT interval
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Clinical Uses of Dofetilide
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Prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter
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Special Considerations for Dofetilide
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Monitor QT interval during initial dose titration and regularly thereafter
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Adverse Effects of Dofetilide
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QT prolongation, torsades de pointes
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Interactions of Dofetilide
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Cimetidine, trimethoprim, ketoconazole, amiloride, and triamterene can increase levels and risk of arrhythmia
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Similar Drugs to Dofetilide
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ibutilide
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Pronunciation of Enalapril
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ee-NAL-a-pril
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What is the brand name of Enalapril?
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Vasotec TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Enalapril
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Antihypertensive agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Enalapril?
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Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
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M.O.A of Enalapril?
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Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme and formation of angiotensin II, cause vasodilation, decreases aldosterone secretion, increases cardiac output, slows ventricular remodeling, and increases survival in heart failure
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Clinical Uses of Enalapril
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Hypertension, heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, decrease progression o diabetic nephropathy
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Special Considerations for Enalapril
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Inhibits bradykinin degradation, causing cough and angioedema
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Adverse Effects of Enalapril
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Hypotension, taste disturbances, dry cough
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Interactions of Enalapril
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Hyperkalemia if used with K+-sparring diuretics and K+ supplements
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Similar Drugs to Enalapril
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benasepril, captopril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril
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Pronunciation of Esmolol
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ES-moe-lol
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What is the brand name of Esmolol?
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Brevibloc TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Esmolol
|
Antiarrhythmic agent (class II)
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Esmolol?
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Selective adrenergic Beta-1 blocker
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M.O.A of Esmolol?
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Blocks sympathetic stimulation of sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, decreases heart rate, slows atrioventricular conduction, increases atrioventricular refractory period
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Clinical Uses of Esmolol
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Sinus tachycardia and supraventricular arrhythmias, particularlly during and after surgery
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Special Considerations for Esmolol
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Rapidly metabolized by plasma esteraase, very short half-life
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Adverse Effects of Esmolol
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Hypotension, bradycardia
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Interactions of Esmolol
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Additive hypotensive effect with nitrates and antihypertensive drugs, additive bradycardia with digoxin, decreases effects of dopamine and dobutamine, unoppposed alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation with epinephrine and related drugs
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Similar Drugs to Esmolol
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acebutolol, ATENOLOL, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol
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Pronunciation of Fenoldopam
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fen-OL-doe-pam
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What is the brand name of Fenoldopam?
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Corlopam TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Fenoldopam
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Antihypertensive
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Fenoldopam?
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Agonist at dopamine D1-like receptors
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M.O.A of Fenoldopam?
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Causes arteriolar vasodilation, inclduing afferent and efferent renal arterioles, increases renal blood flow
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Clinical Uses of Fenoldopam
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Hypertensive emergencies
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Special Considerations for Fenoldopam
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Rapid acting, short half-life of about 5 minutes
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Adverse Effects of Fenoldopam
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Can reduce serum potassium levels, which should be monitored
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Interactions of Fenoldopam
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Concurrent use with adrenergic beta blockers may cause excessive hypotension and should be avoided
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Similar Drugs to Fenoldopam
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none
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Pronunciation of Furosemide
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fur-OSE-e-mide
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What is the brand name of Furosemide?
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Lasix TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Furosemide
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Loop-acting (high-ceiling) diuretic
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Furosemide?
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Membrane ion transport inhibitor
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M.O.A of Furosemide?
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Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle, blocks sodium chloride reabsorption
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Clinical Uses of Furosemide
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Edema, heart failure, hypertension, hypercalcemia
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Special Considerations for Furosemide
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Increases Na+/K+ exchange in collecting duct, leading to hypokalemia, increases Ca++ excretion
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Adverse Effects of Furosemide
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Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia
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Interactions of Furosemide
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Additive hypotension with antihypertensive drugs and nitrates, additive hypokalemia with corticosteroids, amphotericin B and thiazide diuretics, decreases lithium excretion, increases ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics
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Similar Drugs to Furosemide
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bumetanide, torsemide
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Pronunciation of Hydralazine
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hye-DRAL-a-zeen
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What is the brand name of Hydralazine?
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Apresoline TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Hydralazine
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Antihypertensive, heart failure
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Hydralazine?
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Vasodilator
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M.O.A of Hydralazine?
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Alters intracellular Ca++ metabolism, relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, causing vasodilation, decreases cardiac afterload
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Clinical Uses of Hydralazine
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Moderate to severe hypertension, heart failure in combination with isosorbide dinitrate
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Special Considerations for Hydralazine
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Hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate is more effective than angiotensin inhibitors in black patients
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Adverse Effects of Hydralazine
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Edema, reflex tachycardia and myocardial ischemia, lupus syndrome
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Interactions of Hydralazine
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Combined with beta-blockers and diuretic to prevent tachycardia and fluid retention
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Similar Drugs to Hydralazine
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minoxidil
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Pronunciation of Hydrochlorothiazide
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hye-droe-klor-oh-THYE-a-zide
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What is the brand name of Hydrochlorothiazide?
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HydroDiuril TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Hydrochlorothiazide
|
Antihypertensive agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Hydrochlorothiazide?
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Thiazide diuretic
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M.O.A of Hydrochlorothiazide?
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Inhibits NaCl transporter in distal tubule, increases excretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, decreases Ca++ excretion
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Clinical Uses of Hydrochlorothiazide
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Hypertension, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
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Special Considerations for Hydrochlorothiazide
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Prevents cardiovascular complication of hypertension, including stroke and coronary artery disease
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Adverse Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide
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Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia and gout, increased insulin requirement
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Interactions of Hydrochlorothiazide
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Decreases excretion of litium, additive hypotension with antihypertensive drugs and nitrates, additive, hypokalemia with corticosteroids, amphotercin B, and loop diuretics
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Similar Drugs to Hydrochlorothiazide
|
chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone
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Pronunciation of Labetalol
|
la-BATE-a-lole
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What is the brand name of Labetalol?
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Normodyne or Trandate TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Labetalol
|
Antihypertensive
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Labetalol?
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Adrenergic alpha and beta receptor antagonist
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M.O.A of Labetalol?
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Selective alpha-1 and nonselective beta-1 and beta-2 blocker
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Clinical Uses of Labetalol
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Hypertension
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Special Considerations for Labetalol
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Abrupt withdrawal may cause life-threatening hypertension, arrhythmias, or myocardial ischemia
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Adverse Effects of Labetalol
|
Postural hypotension
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Interactions of Labetalol
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Additive hypotensive effect with nitrates and antihypertensive drugs, additive bradycardia with digoxin, decreases effects of dopamine and dobutamine, unopposed alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation with epinephrine and related drugs
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Similar Drugs to Labetalol
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carvedilol
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Pronunciation of Mannitol
|
MAN-i-tol
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What is the brand name of Mannitol?
|
Osmitrol TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Mannitol
|
Diuretic
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Mannitol?
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Osmotic agent
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M.O.A of Mannitol?
|
Osmotic attraction of edematous and occular fluid, filtered at glomerulus but not reabsorbed, increases elecrolyte excretion
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Clinical Uses of Mannitol
|
Oliguric renal failure, increased intracranial pressure (cerebral edema), acute glaucoma, toxic overdose
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Special Considerations for Mannitol
|
Transient Volume expansion after intravenous administration
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Adverse Effects of Mannitol
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Transient volume expansion, occasionally leading to pulmonary edema or heart failure, serum electrolyte imbalances
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Interactions of Mannitol
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None usually significant
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Similar Drugs to Mannitol
|
glycerol
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Pronunciation of Methyldopa
|
meth-ill-DOE-pa
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What is the brand name of Methyldopa?
|
Aldomet TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Methyldopa
|
Antihypertensive agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Methyldopa?
|
Adrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonist
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M.O.A of Methyldopa?
|
Converted to methyl-norepinephrine which activates central alpha-2 receptors, decreases sympathetic outflow from vasomotor center
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Clinical Uses of Methyldopa
|
Hypertension
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Special Considerations for Methyldopa
|
Can be used for hypertension in pregnanacy
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Adverse Effects of Methyldopa
|
Postive direct Coombs' test, rarely hemolytic anemia
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Interactions of Methyldopa
|
Tricyclic antidepressants, nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenothiazines can decrease effects
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Similar Drugs to Methyldopa
|
CLONIDINE, guanfacine
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Pronunciation of Minoxidil
|
min-OX-a-dil
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What is the brand name of Minoxidil?
|
Rogaine TM
|
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Minoxidil
|
Antihypertensive/hair growth stimulant
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Minoxidil?
|
Vasodilator, K+ channel opener
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M.O.A of Minoxidil?
|
Opens K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization, muscle relaxation, and vasodilation, stimulates resting hair follicles (telogen phase) to become growth follicles (anagen phase)
|
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Clinical Uses of Minoxidil
|
Treatment of severe hypertension, topical treatment of alopecia
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Special Considerations for Minoxidil
|
Effective as hair growth stimulant in bot men and women
|
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Adverse Effects of Minoxidil
|
Systemic administration: reflex tachycardia, angina, pericarditis, edema, pulmonary hypertension, hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth)
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Interactions of Minoxidil
|
None usually significant
|
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Similar Drugs to Minoxidil
|
Hydralazine
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Pronunciation of Nesiritide
|
ne-SEER-i-tide
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What is the brand name of Nesiritide?
|
Natrecor TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Nesiritide
|
Heart failure treatment
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Nesiritide?
|
Recombinant human B-type natruretic peptide
|
|
M.O.A of Nesiritide?
|
Activates guanlylate cyclase receptor and increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate, dilates venous and arterial smooth muscle, decreases venous pressure, caridac preload, vascular congestion, and dyspnea
|
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Clinical Uses of Nesiritide
|
Treatment of decompensated heart failure
|
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Special Considerations for Nesiritide
|
Intravenous administration
|
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Adverse Effects of Nesiritide
|
Hypotension
|
|
Interactions of Nesiritide
|
None reported
|
|
Similar Drugs to Nesiritide
|
none
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|
Pronunciation of Nitroglycerin
|
nye-troe-GLI-ser-in
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What is the brand name of Nitroglycerin?
|
Nitro-stat Transderm-Nitro TM
|
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Nitroglycerin
|
Antianginal agent
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Nitroglycerin?
|
Organic nitrate
|
|
M.O.A of Nitroglycerin?
|
releases nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation, increasing coronary blood flow, and decreasing myocardial oxygen demand
|
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Clinical Uses of Nitroglycerin
|
Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris
|
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Special Considerations for Nitroglycerin
|
Rapidily absorbed after sublingual or lingual administration, short half-life
|
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Adverse Effects of Nitroglycerin
|
Headache, hypotension, syncope, reflex tachycardia
|
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Interactions of Nitroglycerin
|
Increases vasodilative effect of sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
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Similar Drugs to Nitroglycerin
|
amyl nitrite, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, sodium nitrite
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Pronunciation of Nitroprusside
|
nye-troe-PRUSS-ide
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What is the brand name of Nitroprusside?
|
Nitropress TM
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Nitroprusside
|
Antihypertensive
|
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Nitroprusside?
|
Vasodilator
|
|
M.O.A of Nitroprusside?
|
Relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle
|
|
Clinical Uses of Nitroprusside
|
Hypertensive crises, acute heart failure or cardiogenic shock, controlled hypotension during surger
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Special Considerations for Nitroprusside
|
Metabolized to cyanide and thiocynate, treat toxicity with sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate
|
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Adverse Effects of Nitroprusside
|
Cyanide toxicity, hypotension, headache
|
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Interactions of Nitroprusside
|
Increased hypotensive effect with general anesthetics and antihypertensive drugs
|
|
Similar Drugs to Nitroprusside
|
none
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Pronunciation of Propafenonone
|
proe-PAFF-e-none
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What is the brand name of Propafenonone?
|
Rythmol TM
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Propafenonone
|
Antiarrhythmic agent
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Propafenonone?
|
Class I-c sodium channel blocker
|
|
M.O.A of Propafenonone?
|
blocks Na+ channels in cardiac tissue, slowing conduction and preventing re-entry, can increase PR QRS and QT duration
|
|
Clinical Uses of Propafenonone
|
Supraventricular and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
|
|
Special Considerations for Propafenonone
|
Monitor ECG when starting therapy, most proarrhythmic events occur in first weeks of therapy
|
|
Adverse Effects of Propafenonone
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Arrhythmia, gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziniess
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Interactions of Propafenonone
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Increases digoxin levels
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Similar Drugs to Propafenonone
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flecainide
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Pronunciation of Quinidine
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KWIN-i-deen
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What is the brand name of Quinidine?
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Quinidex Extentabs TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Quinidine
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Antiarrhythmic agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Quinidine?
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Class I-a sodium channel blocker
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M.O.A of Quinidine?
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Blocks Na+ and K+ channels in cardiac tissue, slowing conduction and increasing QRS and QT duration
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Clinical Uses of Quinidine
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Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias
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Special Considerations for Quinidine
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As the D-isomer of quinine, it can be administered intravenously for treating severely ill patients with malaria
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Adverse Effects of Quinidine
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Arrhythmia, blurred vision, tinnitus, photophobia (cinchonism), frequently diarrhea
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Interactions of Quinidine
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Increases digoxin levels, quinidine levels increased by amiodarone, cimetidine, diltiazem, verapamil, and grapefruit juice
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Similar Drugs to Quinidine
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disopyramide, procainamide
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Pronunciation of Sotalol
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SOE-ta-lole
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What is the brand name of Sotalol?
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Betapace TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Sotalol
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Antiarrhythmic agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Sotalol?
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Class III potassium channel blocker
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M.O.A of Sotalol?
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Blocks K+ channels in cardiac tissue, prolonging repolarization and increasing refractory period and QT interval, also blocks adrenergic beta receptors
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Clinical Uses of Sotalol
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Supraventricular and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
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Special Considerations for Sotalol
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Increase dosing interval if creatinine clearance <60 mL/min
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Adverse Effects of Sotalol
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Arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes
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Interactions of Sotalol
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Effects increased by antihypertensive drugs and nitrates (hypertension), digoxin (bradycardia), and verapamil (myocardial depression), may decrease effects of beta-adrenergic bronchodilators, theophylline, dobutamine, and dopamine
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Similar Drugs to Sotalol
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None
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Pronunciation of Spironolactone
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speer-oh-no-LAK-tone
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What is the brand name of Spironolactone?
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Aldactone TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Spironolactone
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Potassium-sparing diuretic
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Spironolactone?
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Aldosterone antagonist
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M.O.A of Spironolactone?
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Blocks aldosterone receptors, increasing sodium excretion and decreasing potassium excretion
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Clinical Uses of Spironolactone
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Primary hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, heart failure, hypertension
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Special Considerations for Spironolactone
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Eplerenone causes fewer anti-androgenic effects such as gynecomastia
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Adverse Effects of Spironolactone
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Gynecomastia and impotence (males), hyperkalemia
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Interactions of Spironolactone
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Hyperkalemia if combined with angiotensin inhibitor and K+ supplements
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Similar Drugs to Spironolactone
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eplerenone
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Pronunciation of Valsartan
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val-SAR-tan
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What is the brand name of Valsartan?
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Diovan TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Valsartan
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Antihypertensive
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Valsartan?
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Angiotensin receptor antagonist
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M.O.A of Valsartan?
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Blocks angiotension II receptors invascular smooth muscle and adrenal cortex, causing vasodilation, and decreasing aldosterone secretion
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Clinical Uses of Valsartan
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Hypertension, heart failure, and nephropathy
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Special Considerations for Valsartan
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Causes less cough and angioedema than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
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Adverse Effects of Valsartan
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None are common
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Interactions of Valsartan
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Can cause hyperkalemia if combined with K+-sparring diuretic and K+ supplements
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Similar Drugs to Valsartan
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candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, telmisartan
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Pronunciation of Verapamil
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ver-AP-a-mil
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What is the brand name of Verapamil?
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Calan TM, Isoptin TM
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What is the Therapeutic Class of Verapamil
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Antihypertensive and antianginal agent
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What is the Pharmacologic Class of Verapamil?
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Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
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M.O.A of Verapamil?
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Blocks calcium channels in cardiac tissue and vascular smooth muscle, produces vasodilation, slows heart rate and conduction, decreases cardiac contractility
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Clinical Uses of Verapamil
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Hypertension, angina pectoris, supraventricular tachycardia, prevention of migraine headache
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Special Considerations for Verapamil
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Suppresses cardiac contractility more than other calcium channel blockers
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Adverse Effects of Verapamil
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hypotension, peripheral edema, heart failure, constipation, gingival hyperplasia
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Interactions of Verapamil
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Increases levels of digoxin, cyclosporine, quinidine, carbamazepine, grapefruit juice increases serum levels
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Similar Drugs to Verapamil
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diltiazem
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