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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
States of matter
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The physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth- most commonly as a solid, liquid, or a gas
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Solid
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Form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume
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Liquid
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Form of matter that flows, has a constant volume, and takes the shape of its container
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Gas
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Form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its container but also fill the entire volume of its container
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Vapor
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Gaseous state of a substance that is solid or a liquid at room temperature
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Physical Property
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characteristic of a matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition
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Extensive Properties
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dependent on the amout of substance present
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Intensive Properties
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independent of the amount of substance present
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Chemical Property
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ability or inabililty of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances
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Physical Change
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a change, which alters a substance without changing its composition
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Phase Change
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transition of matter from one state to another
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Chemical Change
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process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction-it is conserved.
Mass(reactants)=Mass(products) |
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Mixture
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combination of two or ore pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical property
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Heterogeneous mixture
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mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain destinct
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Homogeneous mixture
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mixture that has constant composition throughout;it always has a single phase
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Solutions
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homogeneous mixtures
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Filtration
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technique that uses a porous barrier to a separate a solid from a liquid
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Distillation
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physical separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the sustances involved
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Crystallization
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seperation techique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissoled substance
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Sublimation
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the process during which a solid changes to vapor without melting
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Chromatography
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technique that separates the components of a mixture dissolved in either a gas or a liquid(mobile phase) based on the ability of each component to travel or tot be drawn across the surface of a fixed substrate(stationary phase)
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Element
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pure substance that cannot be seperated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
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Periodic Table
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chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of horizontal rows(periods) and vertical columns(families) arranged by increasing atomic number
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Compound
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made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically
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Law of Definite Proportions
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states that a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample.
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Percent by Mass
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ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound expressed as a percentage
percent by mass=mass of element/mass of compound(x100) |
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Law of Multiple Proportions
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states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
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A process that involves o or more substance changing into new substances is known as a ______change
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Chemical
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Cutting a sheet of paper is an example of a____change
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Physical
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A_____ property enables a substance to combine with or change into one or more substance
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Chemical
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Sugar is a ______ form of matter with a definite shape and volume
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Solid
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