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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chloroplast
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organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place
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Mitochondria
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cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs
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ATP
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main energy source that cells use for most of their work
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Cell Theory
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generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
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Micrograph
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photograph of the view through a microscope
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Organelle
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part of a cell with a specific function
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Plasma Membrane
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thin outer boundary of a cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings
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Nucleus
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in a cell, the part that houses the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA
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Cytoplasm
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region of cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
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Cell Wall
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strong wall outside a plant cell’s plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape
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Prokaryotic Cell
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cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
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Eukaryotic Cell
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cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles
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Phospholipid Bilayer
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2-layer “sandwich” of molecules that surrounds a cell
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Diffusion
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net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated
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Equilibrium
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point at which the number of diffusing molecules moving in 1 direction is equal to the number moving in the opposite direction
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Selectively Permeable Membrane
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membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether
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Passive Transport
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diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell
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Facilitated Diffusion
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pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane
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Osmosis
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passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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Hypertonic
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having a higher concentration of solute than another solution
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Hypotonic
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having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
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Isotonic
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having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution
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Active Transport
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movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell
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Vesicle
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small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell
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Endocytosis
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process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that buds inward from the plasma membrane
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Exocytosis
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process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with the plasma membrane
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Nuclear Envelope
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double membrane that surrounds a cell nucleus
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Nucleolus
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ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus
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Ribosome
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cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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network of membranes within a cell’s cytoplasm that produce a variety of molecules
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Golgi Apparatus
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cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products
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Vacuole
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membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus
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Lysosome
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membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
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Microtubule
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straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell
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Microfilament
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solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape
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Flagella
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long, thin, whip-like structures, with a core of microtubules, that enable some cells to move
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Cilia
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short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface
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