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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define directional conversations |
One-way or two-way One-way or two-way |
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What kinds of conversations are based off tone/purpose? |
Cooperative or competitive |
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What are the four distinct types of conversations according to David Angle? |
1. Discourse 2. Dialogue 3. Debate 4. Diatribe |
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Define discourse |
One-way cooperative, sender sends information to the receiver (e.g. professor giving a lecture) |
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Define dialogue |
Traditional conversation, two-way cooperative, exchanging information to build relationships |
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Define debate |
Two-way competitive conversation, trying to win an argument or persuade someone |
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Define diatribe |
One-way competitive conversation, to express emotions, browbeat those who disagree, and/or inspire those who share same perspective |
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What are our basic communication needs? |
1. Physical needs (communicating with others is good for health) 2. Identity needs (communication influences self-perception) 3. Social needs (communicating to initiate, maintain, and terminate relationships) 4. Practical needs (to exchange information or solve problems) |
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What are the six main reasons why we communicate, or communication motives, according to Rebecca Rubin? |
1. Control (to gain compliance) 2. Relaxation (to rest or relax) 3. Escape (reasons for diversion/avoiding) 4. Inclusion (to express emotion & connect) 5. Affection (to express love & caring) 6. Pleasure (communicating for enjoyment & excitement) |
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Define self-disclosure |
Process of purposefully communicating information about one's self |
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What are the two basic reasons for self-disclosure, according to Emmi Ignatius & Marja Kokkonen? |
1. Social integration 2. Impression management |
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Define social integration (self-disclosure) |
Self-disclosing to develop interpersonal relationships, to demonstrate we have commonality with another person |
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What is the expectancy violation theory (EVT), according to Judee Burgoon? |
An understanding of what happens when an individual within an interaction violates the norms for that interaction (e.g. standing too close while talking, a stranger gives you their life story when meeting them for the first time) |
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Define impression management (self-disclosure) |
Self-disclosing to portray a specific impression of who we are to others |
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What are the six commonly used impression management techniques? |
1. Self-descriptions (talk about specific characteristics of ourselves) 2. Accounts (attempting to explain something that their interactant may already know) 3. Apologies (admitting you did something wrong while downplaying severity of the incident/outcomes) 4. Entitlements & enhancements (explain a desirable event in a way that maximizes desirable implications) 5. Flattery (use of compliments to get the other person to like you more) 6. Favors (doing something nice for someone to gain their approval) |
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What is the Social Penetration Theory, according to Irwan Altman & Dalmas Taylor? |
Explains how individuals gradually become more intimate based on their communication behaviors |
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What is the Johari Window, according to Joseph Luft (Jo) & Harrington Ingham (hari)? |
Basic idea that we build trust in our relationships as we self-disclose revealing info about ourselves, and learn more about ourselves as we receive feedback from people we're interacting with |
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What are the four different quadrants of the Johari Window? |
1. Open Self (known to self & others) 2. Hidden Self (known to self & not others) 3. Blind Self (known to others & not self) 4. Unknown Self (unknown to self & others) |
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Define hearing |
Passive activity where an individual perceives sound by detecting vibrations through an ear |
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Define listening |
An active process defined as "focused, concentrated attention for the purpose of understanding the meanings expressed by a [source]" |
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Define critical listening |
Careful systematic thinking and reasoning to see whether a message makes sense in light of factual evidence |
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What are the eight different types of listening responses? |
1. Silent Listening 2. Questioning 3. Paraphrasing 4. Empathizing 5. Supporting 6. Analyzing 7. Evaluating 8. Advising |
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Define silent listening (listening responses) |
When you say nothing in response (can be great or awful depending on the situation and how it's used) |
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Define questioning (listening responses) |
Asking questions to understand the situation better |
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Define paraphrasing (listening responses) |
Rephrasing in your own words what the speaker said |
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Define empathizing (listening responses) |
Putting yourself in their situation to understand what the speaker means |
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Define supporting (listening responses) |
Showing that you endorse the speaker |
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Define analyzing (listening responses) |
Counseling, recommending, and offering information that will help the speaker |
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Define evaluating (listening responses) |
Assessing the best course of action |
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What is the HEAR method? |
Halt (halt what you're doing and offer your full attention) Enjoy (enjoy a breath as you choose to receive what's being communicated to you) Ask (ask yourself if you know what they mean, if not, ask for clarification) Reflect (reflect back to them what you heard) |