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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
interpersonal relationships are similar to
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economic exchanges
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people evaluate their relationships in terms of ___ and ___
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costs and rewards
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rewards
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meeting NEEDS, GOALS and DESIRES
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costs
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INHIBIT NEEDS, DESIRES GOALS. lots of TIME AND ENERGY spent in this relationship
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value of the relationship =
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rewards- costs
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____ indicates whether something is a REWARD or COST
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context
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outcome
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whether people CONTINUE or TERMINATE the relationship
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assumptions of SET
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1. SEEK REWARDS and PUNISHMENT
2. RATIONAL Beings 3. standards used to evaluate vary with TIME AND DIFF PEOPLE |
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Outcomes (__):
_______ (CL): _______ (CLalt) |
O : rewards minus costs
Comparison level: MINIMUM EXPECTATION of what is satisfactory outcome in a particular relationship Comparison Level for Alternatives: COMPARE OUTCOMES from relationship to ALTERNATIVE relationships |
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if O>CL and >CLalt =
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happy and stable
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if O < CL and <CLalt =
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unhappy and unstable
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if O> CL but <CLalt =
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happy and unstable
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if O <CL but >CLalt =
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unhappy but stable
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RELATIONAL DIALECTICS THEORY:
relational life is in |
constant motion
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RELATIONAL DIALECTIcS THEORY: partners in relationships have
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CONFLICTING DESIRES throughout their relationship
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partners try to ____ their conflicting desires
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RECONCILE
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relationships are not ___
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LINEAR
- individuals swing back and forth between CONTRADICTORY desires - relationships are viewed in terms of COMPLEXITY, NOT PROGRESS. |
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relational life is characterized by ___
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change
- as people have NEW EXPERIENCE their relationships CHANGE |
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______ is a fundamental fact of relational life
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CONTRADICTION
- the pushes and pulls are ongoing |
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communication is central to ______ and ________ relational contradictions
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organizing and negotiating
- communication has a central role |
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monologic approach
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either or. either the relationships is CLOSE or DISTANT: extremes
A _________ B |
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dualistic approach
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two separate people, two unrelated contradictions.
A I B I |
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dialectic approach
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focuses on the messier, less consistent, less logical unfolding on the moment. MULTIPLE points of VIEW act off each other.
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elements of dialectics
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TCMP
take courtneys man Paul |
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TCMP
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totality
contradiction motion praxis |
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totality
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if something happens to one person if will effect the total of te two of them. peoples moods are dependent.
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contradiction
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there are opposites always in play. eleanor wants to tell jeff she loves him but she also still want to with hold that information
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motion
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refers to the process of relationships and their change over time
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praxis:
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humans are choice makers. eleanor chooses to be with jeff which keep her from making choices she would otherwise make. she must get along with jeffs family, etc.
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three major types of interactional dialectics:
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AON
autonomy and connection openness and protection novelty and predictability |
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autonomy and connection
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to want to be CLOSE and SEPARATE
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openness and protection
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desires to be OPEN but also maintain PRIVACY
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novelty and predictability
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experience comfort of STABILITY and the EXCITEMENT of CHANGE
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MANAGE DIALECTICAL TENSION
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CSSI
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CSSI
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cyclic alternation
segmentation selection integreation |
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cyclic alternation
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choosing a different extreme at DIFFERENT TIMES:
close when young distant with age |
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segmentation
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different Poles for different CONTEXTS
close at home distant at work |
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selection
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choosing ONE POLE and act as if the other DOES NOT EXIST
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integrating + 3 TYPES (NDR)
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synthesizing opposites
neutralizing: choosing a compromise. being "moderately" close disqualifying: exempting certain issues from the general pattern. being open on all topics EXCEPT RELIGION reframing: transforming oppositions so they no longer seem to oppose each other. closeness can be achieved with some distance. |
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organizational culture
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE THEORY |
organizational life
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ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE THEORY: organizations culture is composed of
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shared symbols
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symbols generate
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unique meanings
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examples include:
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organizational stories
rituals rites of passage |
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values
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standards and principles. inform organizational members about what is important.
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symbols: at disneyland the importance of a ____
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smile
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organizations and its members ____ over time
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EVOLVE
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researchers can make sense out of a organization by examining the ______
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COMMUNICATION
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organizational life includes
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emotional and psychological atmosphere
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cultural metaphor
cultures are like intricate ____ _____ |
spider webs which need constant maintenance
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in a spider web each strand represents a _____ _____ of the organization
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DISCRETE ASPECT
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people are critical to the ORGANIZATION just like :
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the spider is to its' web
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assumptions:
members create a - |
SHARED SENSE of organizational REALITY resulting in a better understanding of the VALUES
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assumptions
the use of symbols are |
CRITICAL to an ORGANIZATIONS culture
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SYMBOLS PBV
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physical
behavioral verbal |
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physical symbols
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art design logo
building dress appearance material EXTERIOR MATERIAL |
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behavioral
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rituals, traditions, rewards, punishment
CONSISTENT ACTION |
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verbal
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anecdotes, joke, jargon, explanations, explanations, stories, metaphors
CULTURES COMMUNICATION for TEACHING CULTURE |
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ETHNOGRAPHY
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QUALITATIVE method that uses STORIES, RITUALS and ARTIFACTS to reveal meaning within the culture
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field journal
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personal log to record feelings about different cultural communications
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GREEK
ethno = graphos = |
tribe, group
written down investigation of what is meaningful to a particular culture |
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thick description
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explanation of the layers of meaning in a culture
HIDDEN MEANINGS behind the action |
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insider versus outsider
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insider: researcher who is NATIVE, group under investigation
outsider: researcher who is NOT NATIVE |
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fuzion of horizons
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relationship between the researcher and the one being researched. your horizon as a researcher and theirs as members of a community.
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performance:
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organizational life is like a theatrical presentation
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ritual performance:
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regular and recurring presentations in the workplace
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personal rituals
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routines done at the workplace each day: check voicemail, email.
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task rituals
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routines associated with that one job
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social rituals
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routines with other people in the workplace
happy hour friday |
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organizational rituals
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routines that pertain to the organization overall
- faculty meetings |
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passion performance
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organizational stories that employees share with one another to get members enthusiastic
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social performance
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organizational behavior that is supposed to demonstrate cooperation and politeness with others. "a little goes a long way"
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political performance
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behaviors that demonstrate power or control
"nurses speaking out about being second class" |
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enculturation performances
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behaviors that assist employees in discovering what it means to be a member of an organization
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cultural approach to communicative action
definition of culture: |
socially/historically constructed system of SYMBOLIC actions that function to create some sense of SHARED PURPOSE and identity
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assumptions:
culture TRANSCENDS ____ or _____ conceptions |
individual interpretations of MEANING
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assumptions:
culture suggests a _____ ____ |
meaningful order. they are deeply felt, commonly intelligible and widely accessible
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cultural analysis
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ascertain meanings as they relate to a particular community but also how they RELATE to UNIVERSAL themes that are fundamental to the human tradition. (tradition vs. change, conformity vs resistance, power, gender relationships, etc)
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culture is embedded in and sustained through
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Symbols is SOCIAL ENCOUNTERS
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culture is _____ constructed and contested (contested meaning)
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SYMBOLICALLY
- alternative and competing meanings are negotiated between members |
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symbolic resources PRAD
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practices
artifacts rules: forms of adress, how one makes decisions discourse: conversation, written texts |
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CULTURAL STUDIES
media represents: |
ideologies of the dominant class
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media is controlled by ____
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corporations (targeted with profit in mind)
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medias ______ must be considered when interpreting a culture
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influence
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media shapes
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public opinion of certain populations
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media serves to :
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communicate dominant ways of thinking
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media keep the
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powerful in control
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marxist legacy
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powerful exploit the powerless
powerlessness can lead to alienation |
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alienation
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perception that one has little control over their future
99percent versus 1 percent |
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frankfurt school theorists
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group of scholars who believed that the media were more concerned with making money than with presenting news
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neo- marxist
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LIMITED embrace of MARX
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ideology
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framework used to make sense of our existence
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culture wars
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cultural struggles over meaning, identity and influence
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hegemony
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the influence, power or dominance of one social group over another
( people WILLINGLY/ UNKNOWINGLY accept practices that contribute to their own oppression ) |
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base on false consciousness:
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people are unaware/ deny oppressive practices
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theater of struggle:
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competing ideolgies. competition of VARIOUs cultural identities.
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counter hegemony
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the use of the same strategies and resources as the dominant group to challenge that domination
- audiences are not always compliant -allows understanding of history and social practices from other lenses. TV challenges how the dominant people create the media. for example: how the cosby show is about a richer black man - normally does not happen. |