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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following ECG components represent ventricular depolarization? A. QRS complex. B. PR interval C. P wave. D. T wave |
A. QRS complex |
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On an ECG each small box represents how many seconds? A. 0.4 B. 0.04 C. 1. D. 0.02 |
B. 0.04 seconds |
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On an ECG each large box represents how many seconds? A. 0.02 B. 1 C. 0.2 D. 0.4 |
0.2 seconds |
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What is the normal range of the PR interval? A. 0.06 - 0.12 seconds B. 0.04 - 0.10 seconds C. 0.12 - 0.20 seconds D. 0.05 - 1 second |
C. 0.12 - 0.20 seconds |
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What is the normal range of the P wave duration? A. 0.12 - 0.20 B.0.04 - 0.10 C. 0.5 - 1 D. 0.06 - 0.12 |
D. 0.06 - 0.12 |
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What is the normal range of the QRS complex duration? A. 0.12 - 0.20 B. 0.04 - 0.10 C. 0.5 - 1 D. 0.06 - 0.12 |
B. 0.04 - 0.10 |
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Which of the following EKG components represents ventricular repolarization. SATA A. PR interval B. T wave C. P Wave D. QRS complex E. QT interval |
B. T wave E. QT interval |
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Calculate the HR for an irregular rhythm with 7 QRS complexes shown on a 6 second strip? A. 50 bpm B. 70 bpm C. 110 bpm C. 100 bpm |
B. 70 bpm |
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Which method is most accurate to determine the HR for a regular rhythm? A. P wave method B. 6 sec strip method C. Small block method D. Big block method |
C. Small block method |
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Which method can be used to determine the heart rate for an irregular rhythm? A. Small block method B. Big block method C. 6 second strip method D. P wave method |
C. 6 second strip method |
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What are plavix and ASA ? |
Antiplatelets |
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What are Coumadin (warfarin), heparin, lovenox, elaquis and xarelto? |
Anticoagulants |
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What are TPA’s (tissue plasminogen activase) |
Thrombolytic/fibrolytic |
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Treatment for MI? |
O2 - Nitro - morphine - chew aspirin |
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What tells the degree of damage to heart with MI? |
Troponin |
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What tells where the damage is in the heart with MI? |
ECG 12 lead |
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Cardiac Tamponade signs and symptoms? |
BECKS TRIAD B- JVD E- extreme low BP (hypotension) C- can’t hear heart sounds(muffled) K- Pulse paradoxes - systolic drop of 10 mmhg (120/80 to 110/80) ECG shows QRS complexes (short & uneven height) |
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If taking Coumadin and flaxseed, how do you give them to patient? |
Give flaxseed 1 to 2 hours before Coumadin. |
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What do you give for asystole or PEA? |
Epinephrine every 3 to 5 minutes |
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What do you give for bradycardia? |
Atropine |
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What do you do if patient is in V-fib or V Tach with no pulse? |
Defibrillation |
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If you walk in and patient is on floor not breathing, no pulse ? |
Look, listen, feel Give 2 rescue breaths Start CPR |
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What do you need to monitor when patient is on heparin? |
Platelet count PTT |
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What is the antidote for Coumadin? |
Vit K |
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What do you watch for on a patient postop having a pacemaker put in? |
Hiccups ( lead wire perforation) |
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Why is morphine given after bypass surgery? |
Promote deep breathing |
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If no order for code status what do you do? |
CPR is given if no orders for no code |
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Treatment for V Tach with pulse and symptomatic? |
Meds Synchronized Cardioversion |
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Hypervolemia (fluid overload) associated with HF. What are signs/symptoms? |
Increase BP, HR, Resp, urine output, Decrease urine specific gravity, electrolytes, h & h. Crackles, JVD |
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Hypovolemia (dehydration) signs & symptoms? |
Increase HR, urine specific gravity, electrolytes and H&H Decrease BP, urine output Thready pulse Skin tenting |
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Low potassium effects what on ECG? |
U wave |
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High potassium effects what on ECG? |
Peaked T wave |
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Lab for heparin? Normal range? Therapeutic range? |
Lab - PTT , normal 20 to 30 seconds, therapeutic 1.5 to 2.5 x normal range. |
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Lab for Coumadin? Normal? Therapeutic? |
Lab - PT Normal- 11 to 12.5 INR-0.8-1.1 Therapeutic- 2 to 3 |
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Antidote for heparin? |
Protamine sulfate |
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A patient is in hypervolemia how would it effect CBP? |
CBP would be elevated |
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A patient is dehydrated. How would this effect CBP? |
CBP would be low |
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After giving nitro monitor for? |
Hypotension |
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Infective endocarditis s/s? |
Chest pain, SOB Late signs- fever and splinter hemorrhages (spider like) |
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IV drug use causes what? |
Infective endocarditis |
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A nurse is assessing a client with heart failure who has gained 4 pounds in 3 days, ankles swollen and SOB. Which medication will need to be increased? A. Hydralazine B. Lisinopril C. Furosemide D. Bisoprolol |
C. Furosemide |
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A nurse is teaching a student nurse about cardioversion. Which of the following should nurse include in teaching? A. Use ultrasound gel on the conductor paddles B. Place the conductor paddles over clients clothing C. Avoid touching the clients bed during the procedure D. Turn the synchronize mode off prior to procedure |
C. Avoid touching the clients bed during the procedure |
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Which of the following complications would be most likely to occur following cardioversion? A. Stroke B. HTN C. Nausea/Vomiting D. Urinary incontinence |
A. Stroke |
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Which of the following laboratory tests would be performed on a client with suspected myocardial infarction? SATA A. Anti endomysial antibodies B. CK-MB C. Troponin D. D-dimer E. Chromogranin-A |
B. CK-MB C. Troponin |
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What is a nurse? |
Coordinator, motivator, evaluator, assessor |
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What a nurse is NOT? |
Not a self confessor Not a dominator |
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Contraction is? |
Depolarization |
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Relaxation is? |
Repolarization |
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How does garlic affect Coumadin? |
Increases the absorption of Coumadin so might need Coumadin adjusted. Watch PT close. |
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What signifies acute injury, the person is in the process of having a MI? |
ST elevation |
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What may indicate ischemia or subendocardial MI? |
ST depression |
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What only gives off low energy electrical pulses to correct certain irregular heartbeats? |
Pacemaker |
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What can give off high energy electrical pulses needed to correct dangerous arrhythmias in the lower chambers of the heart(Ventricles)? |
ICD |
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Weakness in section of dilated artery that causes ballooning of the wall of the vessel is? |
Aneurysm |
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S/sx of AAA |
Pulsating abd mass (DONT PALPATE), bruit, elevated BP, flank or abd pain, gnawing feeling in abd |
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Treatment for aneurysm? |
Anti-hypertensives Surgery:AAA resection |
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What size aneurysm is more likely to rupture in one year? |
>6cm |
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Amount of blood pumped with contraction (depolarization)? |
Cardiac output |
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Normal CVP (central venous pressure or right atrial pressure) ? |
0-5 mmHg |
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Normal PAP (pulmonary artery pressure)? (Left side HF) |
20 - 30 mmHg (systolic) 7 - 12 mmHg (Diastolic) |
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Normal PCWP (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure)? (Associated with Left side heart failure) |
8 - 12 mmHg |
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Left sided heart failure =? |
Lungs |
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Right sided heart failure =? |
Rest of body |
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How often do you weigh with HF? |
Daily |
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How much weight gain is to be reported with HF patient to PCP? |
1-2 lbs a day or 3-5 lbs a week |
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Left sided HF symptoms? |
Dyspnea Yellow secretions Stridor decreased SaO2 Pulmonary crackles, Nasal flaring grunting Elevation in P, RR Activity intolerance |
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Right side HF symptoms |
Enlarged liver Distended neck veins JVD Enlarged spleen Most edema in lower extremities Ascites, increased wt >2 lbs in 24 hours Edema will cause increase in HR, BP, RR, confusion |
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Patient at home having angina and has nitro, when should they call 911? |
if your angina lasts longer than 5 minutes and 1 tablet has not relieved it. |
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Causes of a aneurysm |
HTN, trauma, birth defect, weakening of artery wall, smoking/drinking, poor diet |
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Aneurysm prevention |
Exercise, stop smoking, meditation, diet |
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Diagnose a aneurysm |
CT, MRI, angiography |
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A patient with A-fib is at risk for? |
Clots |
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Asymptomatic A-fib how to treat? |
O2, IV, Monitor and figure out cause |
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Patient symptomatic A-fib. How do we treat? |
Anti arrythmics-cardizem Amiodarone IV Adenosine Sometimes beta blocker Anticoagulant |
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Used to correct heart arrhythmias not treatable with meds such as A-fib? |
Ablation |