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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The period of Physiology before 1900?
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(1500-1900)
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The period of the Beginnings of Exercise (Work) Physiology?
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(1900-1950)
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The period of ACSM and Beyond
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(1957-)
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Whose theories were unchallenged til the 1500s [primarily anatomy, not physiology]?
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Galenos
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Who conducted the 1st metabolic study[showed utilization of macronutrients]?
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Santorio Santorio
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Who was famous for his circulatory discoveries [closed system, capillaries]?
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William Harvey
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Who was famous for his microcope improvements and muscle physiology?
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Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
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Who was famous for oxygen and combustion; 1st exercise physiology study; calories?
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Antonine Laurent Lavoisier
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Who was famous for Glucose metabolism?
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Claude Bernard
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Who was a digestion pioneer; open gastric fistula in patient who was shot in abdomen allowed for gastric physiology studies?
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William Beaumont
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Who wrote the 1st exercise physiology text? There was an emphasis on 'work' physiology at this time.
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Lagrange
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Who is the 'Father or Exercise Physiology'?
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August Krogh
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Who studied muscle physiology and whole athlete [including VO2 max measurements and steady state]?
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A.V. Hill
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What is the basis for much modern exercise physiology [with beginnings in work physiology] [business school location originally, not a lab]?
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Harvard Fatigue Lab
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Key figure at Harvard Fatigue Lab?
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D.B. Dill
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Examples of applied exercise?
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-Performance of elite athletes
-Fluid balance during exercise -Performance and ergogenic aids |
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Examples of basic exercise?
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-Central peripheral adaption to exercise
-Atrophic muscle signaling with aging and exercise -Substrate utilization profiles with varying exercise intensities |
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List 4 components of Physical Fitness?
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-Aerobic Fitness
-Muscular Strength & Endurance -Flexibility -Body Composition |
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What's the difference of homeostasis and steady state?
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Homeostasis: The dynamic process of maintaining a constant internal environment at rest of unstressed conditions [normal level].
Steady state: A physiological variable that is at a steady and unchanging level [not necessarily normal] |
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Who is the Glucose 'guru'?
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Bernard
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Who is the 'homeostasis originator'?
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Cannon
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Activity level is determined in ________ by environmental temperature.
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heterotherms
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Metabolism is the internal source of heat that allows for _________.
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endothermy/homeothermy
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What is 'Dynamic Constancy' and why it occurs?
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Aeterial blood pressure oscillates over time, but mean arterial blood pressure is constant. The oscillation is due to delay in negative feedback.
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The body rarely or always maintains true homeostasis? Give examples.
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Rarely.
-pH drops somewhat -O2 debt occurs -Body temp. does increase during heavy exercise (especially in hot and humid conditions) |
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What can be considered the largest benefit of exercise training?
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Homeostasis.
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Define Metabolism (general or specific)?
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Sum of ALL chemical reations that occur in the body. general.
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Define Bioenergetics (general or specific)?
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The portion of metabolism by which energy is made and consumed by living things. more specific.
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What is the Nuclear 'Domain Limitation Hypothesis'?
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Protein synthesis increases with intense training [ex. heavy resistance training]
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2 general categories of protein?
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Contractile [actin, myosin, titin, ect]
Metabolic [mitochondria the "powerhouse cell] |
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What are endergonic and exergonic reactions?
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Endergonic: require energy to be added
Exergonic: release energy |
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Endergonic and Exergonic reactions are often coupled. What happens in coupled reactions?
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Liberation of energy in a exergonic reaction drives an endergonic reaction.
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What is oxidation?
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Removing an electron.
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What is reduction?
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Adding an electron.
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Name 2 carrier molecules??
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NAD & FAD
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Damaged cells release which 2 enzymes into the blood?
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CK & troponin
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What are macronutrients? Name 3 & their functions.
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Substrates that aid in growth, development, and energy production. Consumed in large amounts.
1. Carbs (provide energy) 2. Fats (provide energy, store energy) 3. Proteins (provide energy, promote growth and maintenance) |