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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Experiment
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an observation of natural phenomena carried out in a controlled manner so that the results can be duplicated and rational conclusions obtained
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Law
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a concise statement or mathematical equation about a fundamental relationship or regularity of nature
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Hypothesis
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a tentative explanation of some regularity of nature
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Theory
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a tested explanation of basic natural phenomena
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Mass
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the quantity of matter in a material
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Matter
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whatever occupies space and can be percieved by our senses
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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the total mass remains constant during a chemical change/reaction
Mass In = Mass Out |
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Solid
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-fixed volume
-fixed shape -low particle motion |
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Liquid
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-fixed volume
-no fixed shape |
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Gas
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-no fixed volume
-no fixed shape -high particle motion |
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Plasma
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-exists at extremely high temperatures
-no fixed shape -no fixed volume -very high particle motion -collection of charged particles, breaks apart into ions Ex. the sun, lightening bolts, fluorescent lights, fire, the Northern Lights |
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Bose-Einstein Condensate
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-exists at extremely low temperatures
-fixed volume -fixed shape -very low particle motion -matter condenses on itself, no single atoms |
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Physical Change
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a change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity
Ex. -changes of state (solid, liquid gas) -dissolving one material in another |
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Chemical Change/Reaction
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a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into a new kind of matter or several new kinds of matter
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Signs of a Chemical Change/Reaction
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-gaseous product
-color change -formation of a precipitate |
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Physical Property
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a characteristic that can be observed for a material without changing its chemical identity
Ex. -physical state -melting point -color |
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Chemical Property
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a characteristic of a material involving its chemical change
Ex. -iron reacts with oxygen to produce rust |
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Substance
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a kind of matter that cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process
Ex. -Element -Compound |
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Element
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a substance that cannot be decomposed by any chemical reaction into simpler substances
See the Periodic Table for all known elements. |
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Compound
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a substance composed of two of more elements chemically combined
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Law of Definite Proportions
aka Law of Constant Composition |
a pure compound, whatever its source, always contains definite or constant proportions of the elements by mass
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Mixture
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a material that can be separated by physical means into two or more substances
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Heterogeneous Mixture
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a mixture that consists of physically distinct parts, each with different properties
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Homogeneous Mixture
aka Solution (in liquid form) |
a mixture that is uniform in its properties
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Colloid
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a heterogeneous mixture that can seem like a homogeneous mixture
Ex. when shaken it looks homogeneous, after sitting for a while it separates into a heterogeneous mixture |
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Precision
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the closeness of the set of values obtained from identical measurements of a quanitity
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Accuracy
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the closeness of a single measurement to its true value
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Exact Number
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a number that arises when you count items or sometimes when you define a unit
Ex. 9 coins in a bottle, 12 inches in a foot |
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Fahrenheit
Water Boils: ? Room Temperature: ? Water Freezes: ? |
common temperature scale in the United States
Water Boils: 212 Room Temperature: 68 Water Freezes: 32 |
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Celsius
Water Boils: ? Room Temperature: ? Water Freezes: ? |
temperature scale in general scientific use
Water Boils: 100 Room Temperature: 20 Water Freezes: 0 |
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Kelvin
Water Boils: ? Room Temperature: ? Water Freezes: ? |
SI (International Standard) unit of temperature
Water Boils: 373 Room Temperature: 293 Water Freezes: 273 |
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Temperature Conversion:
Celsius to Kelvin |
C + 273.15 = K
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Temperature Conversion:
Celsius to Fahrenheit |
C x 1.8 + 32 = F
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Temperature Conversion:
Fahrenheit to Celsius |
1.8(F-32) = C
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Volume
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length cubed (l x w x h)
1L = 1dm³ 1mL = 1cm³ |
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Density
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mass per unit volume
D = m/V V = m/D M = DV |