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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Geography
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the study of the spatial organization of human activity and people's relationships with their environments.
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Place
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specific point on the Earth distinguished by a particular character (absolute, relative, cognitive)
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Scale
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way of partitioning, describing space
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Region
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area on Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features
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Networks
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connections between people, places, spaces, and regions
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Culture
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way of life, values, learned collective human behavior (not inborn)
OR process of constructing and participating in social life OR negotiation of shared values |
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Cultural interactions
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power and money
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Cultural landscapes
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respresentations in art, film, etc
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Cultural ecology
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relationships between environment and human communities
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Coercive power
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use of force, conflict, violence to influence people or institutions
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Symbolic power
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non-violent production and imposition of legitimate visions of the world
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Three forms of power
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political, economic, cultural/social
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Culture wars
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battles between those using cultural power (coercive & symbolic)
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Class
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group of people who have a similar social status
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Caste
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born into social class
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Discourse
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articulating a vision of the world, version of reality through language
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Culture region
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geographical unit based on characteristics and functions of culture
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Formal culture region
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area inhabited by people with common cultural trait(s)
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Functional culture region
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area organized to function politically, socially, or economically
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Territoriality
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fundamental human desire to belong to a large group that controls its own piece of Earth
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Nation
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people of common heritage, culture, or language
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State
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political unit
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Nation-state
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nation that achieves independence
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Imperialism
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exercise of military power and economic influence by powerful state to advance their national interest
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Colonialism
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form of imperialism that establishes rule by a sovereign power over a foreign population through the establishment of settlements
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Political system
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government
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Economic system
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used to secure resources to meet needs
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Democracy
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political power in the hands of the people through elected representatives
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Dictatorship
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people are ruled over by one person or small group
EX - Pakistan and Burma |
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One-party rule
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single party dominates government/no other parties allowed
EX - Cuba, China, Egypt, Iraq, Zimbabwe, Brunei, Monaco |
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Monarchy/Theocracy
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authority vested in rules through association with religion or royal family
EX - Iran, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Morocco, Bahrain |
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Failed state
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governmental collapse
EX - Angola, Liberia, Afghanistan, Somalia, Deomcratic Republic of Congo |
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Dependent territory
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area or region claimed by another nation-state or country
EX - Greenland (Colony of Denmark), Puerto Rico (US), French Guiana (France) |
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Core
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WORLD SYSTEM
dominates trade, controls technology, wealthy EX - Europe and US |
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Periphery
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WORLD SYSTEM
dependent on core, low level of technology EX - Central Asia, Most of Africa, Parts of S. America |
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Semi-perphery
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WORLD SYSTEM
transitional between core and periphery EX - Australia, Asia, Central, South America |
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Economic Sectors:
Primary |
agriculture, resource extraction
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Economic Sectors:
Secondary |
industry, manufacturing
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Economic Sectors:
Tertiary |
sale and exchange of goods and services
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Economic Sectors:
Quaternary |
handling/processing of information
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Globalization
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interconnectedness of world through economic, environmental, political, and cultural change
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Nationalism
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feelings of belonging to a nation that has the natural right to determine its own affairs
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Neo-colonialism
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economic and political strategies by which powerful states indirectly maintain or extend their influence over other ares or people
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Cultural imperialism
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promoting the culture of one nation in another, especially weaker nations
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Economic development
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processes of change involving the nature and composition of a particular region as well as to increase the overall properity of a region
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GDP
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gross domestic product - total goods produced by a country
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GNP
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gross national product - value of income abroad
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PPP
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purchasing power parity - how much of "basket of goods" can be consumed per capita
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Gini formulation
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degree of inequality in country
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HDI
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human development index - quality of life through education, income, longevity
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UNDP Gender Empowerment Index
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income/work/seats in parliament
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Supranatural organization
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collection of individual states with a common goal (economic or political) (ex. - UN, IMF, NATO, Group of 8)
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Group of 8
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supranational group - Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US = 67 percent of world's income
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OPEC
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Oil producing countries including Middle Eastern countries, Indonesia, Nigeria, Algeria, Venezuela
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IMF
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184 countries seeking to "secure financial stability," reduce poverty by promoting globalization, free market/founded 1990
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WTO
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139 countries agreeing to promote prosperity with trading rules (1995)
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Sovereignty
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ability to be self-governing, independent
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