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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Group process
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all the elements basic to the unfolding of a group from the time it begins to its termination. EX: group norms, level of cohesion, how conflict emerges
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Techniques
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leader interventions aimed at facilitating movement within a group
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Technical eclecticism
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tends to focus on differences, includes aspects from many approaches, and is a collection of techniques; not advisable - integration preferred
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Theoretical integration
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a conceptual or theoretical creation beyond a mere blending of techniques; synthesis of two or more theoretical approaches thought to be better than restricting practice to single theory
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cognitive domain
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focus is on thinking or thought processes; one of 3 domains thought to be the basis for a powerful and comprehensive approach to counseling practice
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affective domain
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focus is on the feelings; one of three domains that form basis for a powerful and comprehensive approach to practice
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behavioral domain
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focus is on action; one of three domains that form basis for a powerful and comprehensive approach to practice
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theory
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a general framework that helps you make sense of the many facets of group process, provides you with a map of giving direction to what you do and say in the group, and helps you think about the possible results of your interventions
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therapeutic groups
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purposes are to increase members' knowledge of themselves and others, to help members clarify the changes they most want to make in their lives, and to provide members with the tools they need to make these changes
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task groups
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focus in on the application of group dynamics principles and processes to improve practice and to foster accomplishment of identified work goals
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psychoeducational groups
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focus is on preventing an array of educational/informational deficits and psychological problems
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counseling groups
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focus is on helping participants resolve the usual, yet often difficult, problems of living
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psychotherapy groups
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focus is on helping members remediate psychological problems
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brief group therapy
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relative term that generally refers to groups that are time limited, structured, last 2-3 months, and consist of 8 to 12 weekly sessions
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culture
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encompasses the values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people
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basic assumptions about multiculturalism
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1. culture is best defined broadly rather than narrowly
2. all counseling occurs in a multicultural context 3. culture includes both objective symbols and subjective perspectives 4. cultural similarities and differences are equally important 5. a multicultural perspective is relevant to all aspects of counseling practice 6. muliticulturalism needs to be understood as a continuous theme in all fields of counseling 7. multiculturalism can be the basis for people to disagree without one person being "right" and the other being "wrong" |
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What is one of the most significant variables influencing the group's success or failure?
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who the counselor is as a person
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Personal characteristics of the effective group leader
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1 courage, 2 willingness to model, 3 presence 4 goodwill/genuineness/caring, 5 belief in group process, 6 openness, 7 nodefenesiveness in coping with criticism, 8 becoming aware of own culture, 9 willingness to seek new experiences, 10 personal power, 11 stamina, 12 self-awareness, 13 sense of humor, 14 inventiveness, 15 personal dedication/commitment
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Professional characteristics of an effective group counselor
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1. active listening 2. reflecting 3. clarifying 4. summarizing 5. facilitating 6. empathizing 7. interpreting 8. questioning 9. linking 10. confronting 11. supporting 12. blocking 13. assessing 14. modeling 15. suggesting 16. initiating 17. evaluating 18. terminating
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Multicultural competency
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includes: 1) beliefs and attitudes, 2) knowledge, 3) skills and intervention strategies
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informed consent
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1) info on the nature, purposes, and goals of the group, 2) condidentiality and exceptions to confidentiality, 3) leader's theoretical orientation, 4) group services that can be provided, 5) the role and responsibility of group members and leaders, 6) qualifications of the leader
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psychological risks
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involvement in group has the potential to bring about life changes. There are also risks in terms of self disclosure, maintaining confidentiality, scapegoating, and confrontation.
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main issue with confidentiality in group setting
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the fact that confidentiality cannot be guaranteed is clearly communicated to group members
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privileged communication
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professionals cannot break confidence of clients unless: 1) clients are likely to do serious harm to themselves/others/property, 2) abuses of children or elderly is suspected, 3) they are ordered by court to provide information (Arkansas one of the exceptions), 4) they are supervisees in a supervisory relationship, 5) the clients give specific written permission
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other ethical issues
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values and working with diversity, technology, competence, legal liability and malpractice
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liabilty & malpractice
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counselors who fail to exercise due care and act in good faith are liable to a civil suit
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pregroup stage
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all the factors involved in the formation of a group; proposal for a group, attracting members, screening and selecting, and orientation process
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initial stage
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a time of orientation and exploration; members tend to present dimensions of themselves they consider to be "socially acceptable"
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transition stage
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task is to help members learn how to begin working on the concerns that brought them to the group; members learn to monitor thoughts, feelings, reactions, actions and to express them
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working stage
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characterized by productiveness; mutuality and self-exploration increase and group focuses on making behavioral changes
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final stage
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time to further identify what was learned and to decide how this new learning can become part of daily living; focus is on conceptualization and bringing closure to the group experience
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Basis of a proposal
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1) rationale, 2) objectives, 3) practical considerations, 4) procedures, 5) evaluation
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screening
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the goal of screening is to prevent potential harm to clients: Should this particular person be included in this particular group at this time with this group leader?
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practical considerations in forming a group
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1. group composition (who) 2. group size (how many) 3. frequency and duration of meetings (how often) 4. length of a group (how long) 5. place for group members (where) 6. open vs closed groups (what)
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open groups
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changing membership
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closed groups
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typically have some time limitation, and generally members are expected to remain in the group until it ends, and new members are not added
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basic ground rules
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establishing procedures that will facilitate and govern the group: confidentiality, attendance, being on time, parental consent, dual relationships, rights and responsibilities
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member-specific measures
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evaluation option used to assess changes in attitudes and behaviors of individual clients
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group-specific measures
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evaluation option used to assess the changes common to all members of the group
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central process during the intial stage of group
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orientation and exploration
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early concerns in intial stage
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group norms & expected behavior, silence & awkwardness, hesitant, anxiety, leader's behavior, safety
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hidden agendas
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an issue that is not openly acknowledged and discussed and a common form of resistance in groups
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group characteristics in initial stage
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hidden agendas, addressing conflict early, here and now focus, self-focus vs focus on others, trust vs mistrust
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Ways to create trust in initial stage
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1) modeling 2) attending and listening 3) understanding nonverbal bx 4) empathy 5) genuineness & self-disclosure 6) respect 7) caring confrontation
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identifying & clarifying goals
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a major task during the initial stage in which leaders assist members in formulating goals that will influence their participation; there are both individual and group goals
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group norms
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shared beliefs about expected behaviors aimed at making groups function effectively; can be implicit or explicitly stated
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group cohesion
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a sense of togetherness, or community, within a group
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leader guidelines for members
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good to establish and expand upon in the intial stage. example guidelines: learn to help establish trust, express persitent feelings, beware of misusing jargon, decide for yourself how much to disclose, be an active participant, expect some disruption in your life, expect to discover positive aspects about yourself, listen closely, pay attention to consistent feedback, do not categorize yourself
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guidelines for assigning homework
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1. provide a rationale for activity 2. provide clients with a choice of homework activities or options 3. ask clients how confident they are that they will be able to complete the assignment 4. be sure to discuss the extent of homework completion and outcomes at next session 5. assess and record client's weekly performance of homework for monitoring progress
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leader issues at initial stage
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division of responsibility, degree of structuring (need balance, esp. in beginning), opening and closing sessions
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suggestions for opening sessions
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quick go-around, brief opportunity to share what they have done since the previous session, afterthoughts/unresolved feelings about the previous session, let group know that you have been thinking during the week about how the group is progressing, introduce any new members
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suggestions for closing sessions
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brief checkout process with each member, leave with unanswered questions (something to "chew on"), statement concerning level of investment, sharing what they are learning from the group, other topics they would like to explore in the next session, give feeback to one another, remind participants of members who will be leaving
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