Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
%age of adults seropositive for HSV1
|
75-95%
|
|
Diseases caused by HSV1
|
Cold sores, herpes keratitis, mat herpes/herpes gladiatorum, herpes rugbeiorum, eczema herpeticum
|
|
Diseases caused by HSV2
|
genital herpes
|
|
Diseases caused by VZV
|
chicken pox, shingles
|
|
Diseases caused by HSV8 (HHV8)
|
kaposi's sarcoma. Associated with HIV
|
|
What subfamily are HSV1, HSV2, and VZV in?
|
alphaherpesvirinae
|
|
Characteristics of alphaherpesvirinae
|
Lytic infection in fibroblasts and epithelial cells; Short replication cycle; Rapid growth and spread in cell cultures. Latent in neurons.
|
|
What subfamily are CMV, HSV6, HSV7 in?
|
betaherpesvirinae
|
|
What subfamily are EBV, HHV8 in?
|
gammaherpesvirinae
|
|
What type of nucleic acid does HSV have?
|
Linear dsDNA
|
|
amorphous proteinaceous tegument: what is it?
|
Stuff between Capsid that surrounds the dsDNA genome and envelope
|
|
Herpes virus Encode enzymes required to increase the pool of nucleotides in a cell and to replicate the viral genome. What are they?
|
Thymidine kinase
-Ribonucleotide reductase -Uracil DNA glycosylase -Deoxyuridine triphosphatase |
|
5 viral integral membrane glycoproteins that participate in HSV entry to cell
|
gB, gC, gD, gH, gL
|
|
Upon entry, the virus proceeds in 1 of 2 possible pathways: what are they?
|
1) Active, lytic infection
2) Latent/Lysogenic infection |
|
HSV undergoes productive, lytic infection in what cell types?
|
epithelial cells of the genital or oral mucosal surface.
|
|
After uncoating, the viral genome in the nucleus circularizes and is transcribed by what enzyme?
|
the cell’s DNA dependent RNA polymerase.
|
|
Which enzyme binds to ORI and unwinds DNA?
|
Viral UL9
|
|
HSV-1 and HSV-2 establish life-long latency in what cell types?
|
sensory neurons (often trigeminal ganglia and sacral ganglia)
|
|
During latency, a limited number of viral genes are expressed. What are they?
|
LATs (latency associated transcripts)
|
|
- HSV-1 reactivation occurs most frequently (above, below) the waist.
- HSV-2 reactivation occurs most frequently (above, below) the waist |
Above; below
|
|
T/F Lesions of HSV-1 and HSV-2 look similar.
|
T
|
|
combination of gingivitis and stomatitis, or an inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingiva, caused by HSV 1
|
Gingivostomatitis
|
|
Only herpesvirus that spreads person to person by coughing and sneezing
|
VZV
|
|
Symptoms of chicken pox develop ____ days after contact with an infected person
|
10-21
|
|
First sign of chicken pox is the ______.
|
itchy exanthematous rash
|
|
What is chicken pox called when it reactivates years later (generally lateralizes)?
|
Shingles
|
|
Symptoms of shingles
|
Severe pain
Numbness Itching Followed by a vesicular rash forms in a 3-5 day period |
|
What is the shingles rash like?
|
The rash follows a nerve on one side of the body
|
|
What is the "amorphous proteinaceous tegument" associated with HSV?
|
Capsid surrounding dsDNA genome
|
|
T/F Herpes viruses dry out when exposed to air so cannot be transmitted by toilet seats
|
T
|
|
How is HSV DNA replicated?
|
Rolling Circle mechanism.
|
|
What is herpes gladiatorum?
|
Type of HSV-1 transmitted during frequent contact in wrestling
|
|
What is herpes rugbeiorum?
|
Type of HSV-1 transmitted during other contact sports like rugby
|
|
T/F Individuals with asymptomatic HSV2 can still shed virus
|
T
|
|
T/F Pregnant women with active HSV-2 should deliver infant by C-section
|
T
|
|
Cause of chickenpox and shingles
|
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
|
|
Route of transmission of VZV
|
Respiratory transmission. Progresses thru blood and lymphatics to cells of Reticuloendothelial system (aka mononuclear phagocyte system)
|
|
What are symptoms of shingles?
|
Severe pain, numbness, itching.
Then a vesicular rash over 3-5 day period, usually following a nerve on ONE side of the body. Lasts 10-15 days. Lasts 3-4 weeks in immunocompromised patients. |
|
T/F Shingles is contagious
|
F. EXCEPT someone without a prior chickenpox episode can get CHICKENPOX from the person with shingles.
|
|
Treatment of herpesvirus infections
|
Acyclovir
|
|
Mech of action of acyclovir
|
Guanosine analog. Converted more efficiently to ACG-monophosphate by herpes thymidine kinase, thereby acting as a chain terminator.
Used for long term prophylaxis |
|
What enzyme acts on acyclovir?
|
Herpes thymidine kinase
|
|
What ganglia does VZV usually stay dormant in?
|
trigeminal and dorsal root
|
|
What is the Tzanck test?
|
Test for HSV identification. A smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells.
"Tzanck heavens I don't have herpes" |
|
Infected cells with herpes have _____ intranuclear inclusions
|
Cowdry A
|
|
What is breakthru varicella?
|
Wildtype virus causing a mild form of chicken pox that occurs in <1% of vaccines.
|