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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
traditional family
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unit made up of two or more people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption
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current definition of family
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intimate group of people who live together in a committed relationship, care for one another and any children and share activities and close emotional ties
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functions of family
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regulation of sexual activity, procreation, economic security, emotional support, social class placement
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marriage
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socially approved mating relationship that people expect to be stable and enduring and is also universal
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nuclear family
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married parents and their biological or adopted children
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extended family
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parents and children as well as other kin
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types of patterns of residency
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patrilocal, matrilocal, neolocal
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monogamy
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one person is married exclusively to one person
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serial monogamy
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marry several ppl bt one at a time
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polygamy
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man or woman has two or more spouses
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polygyny
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one man married to two or more women
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polyandry
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one woman with two or more husbands
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family is deteriorating
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high divorce rates due to self-indulgence and concern for oneself more than others, increase in number of ppl deciding to not get married
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family is changing, not deteriorating
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overcome financial hardships, handle conflict and tension as children become adolescents, cope with everyday stresses
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family is stronger than ever
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increase in multigenerational relationships, close to grandparents, more equitable roles in the households
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micro level influences of family
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couple is criticized for break up of family
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macro influences of family
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factors such as unemployment, and unavailability of inexpensive high quality day care services
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structural functionalism
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study family structure, look at how the parts work together to fulfill the functions or tasks necessary for family's survival
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instrumental roles
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role of the husband provides food and shelter for the family
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expressive roles
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role of the mother provides the emotional support and nurturing qualities that sustain the family unit
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criticism of structural functionalism theory
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limited room for conflict, does not deal with diversity of experiences, macro perspective
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conflict theory
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conflict occurs between the land owners and the workers; conflict as a mechanism for social change
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criticism of conflict theory
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focus on social change, power is ppl's main objective; purposely critical of society
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feminist theory
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Examine how gender roles – expectations about how men and women should behave – shape relations between the sexes and social institutions
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criticism of feminist theory
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The emphasis on diversity results in overlooking commonalities; Narrow focus on issues that impact women – neglect males and other types of oppression
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developmental theory
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Explores changes that families experience of the life span
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criticism of developmental theory
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Family life cycles are artificial – processes of life are not so neatly separated; Descriptive rather than explanatory
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symbolic interactionism theory
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Based on the notion that society is made up of interacting individuals who communicated through shared symbols
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criticism of symbolic interactionism theory
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Perspective overlooks irrational aspects of behavior; Bias in who is willing to participate in this type of research – over represents white-middle class families
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social exchange theory
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Assumes humans are rational beings; They weigh the cost and benefits if each decision
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criticism of social exchange theory
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Too much emphasis on rational behavior; Limited to describing behaviors that are motivated by immediate costs and rewards
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Companionate family
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families built on mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility and personal happiness
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family and gender during WWII
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divorce rates increasingly slow; some wives and mothers worked during the war enjoyed independence, ended unhappy marriage
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Bundling
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custom in which fully dressed young man and woman spent the night in bed together, separated by a wooden board.
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Androgyny
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- blending of both masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person
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Language brokers
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children who interpret for their immigrant parents
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Race
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status; social construction category of people who share physical characteristics.
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Ethnicity
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refers to a subset of ppl who share common national characteristics from other groups.
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sex
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biological characteristics to which we are born
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gender
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socially learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize a person of one sex based on differing social and cultural expectations.
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Prejudice
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attitude that prejudges people, usually in a negative way, who are different from us in terms or race, ethnicity, or religion
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Discrimination
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behavior that treats people unequally or unfairly.
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Why immigrate?
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Family ties: family members may already be living here in the U.S; Employment opportunities to send money home to families; Highly educated professionals that can not find employment in specialist their home country; Refugee status
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Undocumented Immigrants
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Highly stigmatized and vulnerable group; Can not seek services without fear of exposure
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Transnational family
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A family that maintains significant contact with two countries
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measures of assimilation
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Spatial Proximity
Economic Success Intermarriage |
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African American Family Demographics
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Couples are more egalitarian; Greater reliance on extended kin; Ability to adapt family roles to outside pressures; More than twice as likely as whites to suffer the death of an infant
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American Indian – Alaskan Native Family Demographics
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High rates of joblessness compared to other racial-ethnic groups; live on designated reservations or tribal areas; Grandparents play important roles in the lives of their grandchildren
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Hispanic American Family Demographics
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Largest and fastest growing racial/ethnic minority group; Households larger in size; Immigrants are consistently found to have more favorable health/mortality outcomes than natives, even after controlling for SES, social, and demographic factors.
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Asian American Family Demographics
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Have the highest median income of any group in the U.S. ; Highest rate of intermarriage; Discipline is often guilt and shame, not physical punishment
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middle eastern families
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Marriage is endogamous ; Divorce is frowned upon and to be avoided at all costs;
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ideology of separate spheres
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Piety, purity, Submissiveness, Domesticity
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gender identity
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the degree to which an individual sees him or herself as feminine or masculine
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Gender Roles
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The characteristics, attributes, feelings, and behaviors that society expects of males and females
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Sociobiology
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the study of how biology affects social behavior
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Social Learning Theory
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People learn attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social interactions
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Cognitive Development Theory
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Children acquire female or male values on their own by thinking, reasoning and interpreting information in their environment
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Agents of Socialization
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Parents, Peers, Media, Education/teacher
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