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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
motivation |
purpose or driven force behind our actions |
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extrinsic motivation |
rewards and punishments external forces coming from outside oneself ex. working hard at job for praise from boss |
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intrinsic motivation |
motivation that comes form within oneself driven by interest in task or by enjoymentins |
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instincts |
innate, fixed patterns of behavior to stimuli |
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instinct theory |
people are driven to do certain behaviors based on evolutionarily programmed instincts Henry James and William McDougall were both proponents |
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arousal |
the psychological and physiological state of being awake and reactive to stimuli |
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arousal theory |
people perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal (A factor that influences motivation) |
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Yerkes-Dodson Law |
postulates a U-shaped function between the lvl of arousal and performance. Performance is worst at extremely high or low levels of arousal and optimal somewhere in the middle. |
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drives |
internal states of tension that activate particular behaviors focused on goals. no external factors |
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primary drives |
the need for food, water, warmth motivates us to sustain bodily processes |
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secondary drives |
stem from learning. ex striving to become a doctor also include desire for nurture, love, achievement, aggression |
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drive reduction theory |
motivation is based on the goal of eliminating uncomfortable states |
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needs |
motivators that influence human behavior how we allocate our resources and energy to best satisfy our needs |
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maslow's hierarchy of needs |
1. physiological 2. safety 3. love/belonging 4. esteem 5. self-actualization |
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self determination theory |
3 universal needs: autonomy (in control), competence (complete and excel at tasks), relatedness (needed, wanted) |
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incentive theory |
behavior is motivated by awards and punishments. |
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expectancy-value theory |
the amount o motivation needed to reach a goal is the result of both the individual's expectation of success in reaching the goal and the degree in which she values succeeding at the goal |
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opponent-process theory |
explains drugs use. When a drug is repeatedly taken the body will attempt to counteract the effects by changing it's physiology. This results in withdrawal and creates a physical dependence |
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Elements of emotion (3) |
1. physiological 2. behavioral 3. cognitive |
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Element of emotion: physiological |
a feeling causes arousal by the sym. NS changes in HR, BP |
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element of emotion: behavorial |
facial expressions body language |
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element of emotion: cognition |
subjective interpretation of the feeling being experienced |
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universal emotions (7) |
1. happiness 2. sadness 3. contempt 4. surprise 5. fear 6. disgust 7. anger |
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sexual motivation |
related to hormones as well as cultural and social factors |
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adaptive role of emotion |
everything we do think, and feel is based on specialized functional programs designed for any problem we encoutner. Emotions are evol. adaptions due to situations encountered over the evol. history of the human species. |
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theories of emotion (3) |
1. James-Lange theory 2. connon-bard theory 3. schachter- singer theory |
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James- Lange theory |
nervous system arousal leads to a cognitive response in which the emotion is labeled ex. a car cuts you off, you have an elevated HR BP, and then your brain recognizes these changes and labels the emotion as anger thought the stimulus is recieved by the PNS and then sent to the CNS |
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Cannon- Bard theory |
the simultaneous arousal of the nervous system and cognitive response lead to action afferenct nerve severed emotion is still experienced |
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Schaechter- Singer theory |
nervous system arousal and interpretation of context lead to a cognitive response. |
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stress: primary appraisal |
classifying a potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful |
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stress: secondary appraisal |
evalutes if the organism can cope with the stress based on harm, threat and challenge. |
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general adaption syndrome |
1. alarm 2. resistance. 3. exhaustion |
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prefrontal cortex |
planning, expressing personality and making decisions |
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ventral prefrontal cortex |
critical for experiencing emotion |
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ventromedial prefrontal cortex |
involved in controlling emotional responses from the amygdala and decision-making |