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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Nutrition |
Chemical substances that are acquired from the environment and used for cellular activities |
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Essential nutrients |
Must be provided to organism |
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Lag phase |
Flat period of adjustment, enlargement and little growth |
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Exponential growth phase |
Maximum growth that continues as long as cells have enough nutrients and favored conditions |
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Stationary phase |
Cell growth is equal to cell death dur to depletion of nutrients and O2 |
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Death phase |
Limited factors cause cells to die exponentially |
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Generation (doubling time) |
Time required for a complete fission cycle |
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Macronutrients |
Large quantities that play a role in cell structure and metabolism |
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Micronutrients |
Small amounts and involved in enzyme function and protein structure |
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Organic nutrients |
Contains carbon and hydrogen atoms |
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Inorganic nutrients |
Contains a combination of atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen |
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96% is composed of.. |
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, phosphorous |
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Main determinants of nutritional type are based upon how the cell obtains... |
Energy and Carbon |
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Chemotroph |
Gains energy from chemical compounds |
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Phototroph |
Gains energy from capturing sunlight rays and transforms it into chemical energy (photosynthesis) |
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Heterotroph |
Obtains carbon in organic form made by living organisms-proteins, carbs, lipids, nucleic acid |
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Autotroph |
An organism that uses CO2 as a carbon source. |
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Photoautotroph |
Use O2 for photosynthesis |
Sunlight & CO2 |
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Chemoautotroph |
Survive totally on inorganic |
Inorganic chemicals & CO2 |
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Methanogens |
Chemoautotrophs that produce methane found in swamps |
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Biofilms |
Organisms attach to a substrate by some form of extracellular matrix that binds them together |
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Guorum sensing |
Communicate and cooperate in the formation &function of biofilms |
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Normal microbial flora |
Human body is our rich habitat for symbiotic bacteria, fungi and a few protozoa |
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Symbiotic |
Two organisms live together in close partnership |
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Mutualism |
Obligatory, dependent. Both benefit |
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Commensalism |
Commensal benefit, one benefits the other is not affected |
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Parasitism |
Parasute dependent- one benefits the other is affected |
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Barophiles |
Survives under intense pressure and can erupt if exposed to atmospheric pressure |
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Osmotic pressure |
minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane |
Osmosis |
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Halophiles |
Requires high concentration |
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Osmotolerant |
Does not need high concentration of solute |
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Acidophiles |
Grow at extreme acid pH( algea and bacteria can survive at pH=0) |
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Alkalinophiles |
Grow at extreme alkaline pH (mono lake pH=12) |
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Neutrophils |
PH of around 6-8 |
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Capnophilic Bacteria |
Grow best at higher CO2, nornally present in the atmosphere |
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GasPak |
Anaerobic growth chamber |
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Aerobic |
Requires O2 for some cellular functions |
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Anaerobic |
Dosent need O2 for cellular functions |
Strict and aerotolerant |
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Strict |
O2 that is toxic to microbes |
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Aerotolerant |
Tolerable but not preferred |
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Psychrophiles |
Optimum temperature below 15°C |
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Mesophiles |
Optimum temperature 20°-40°C |
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Thermophiles |
Optimum temperature over 45°C |
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Optimum temperatures |
Temp that will promote the fastest growth |
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Niche |
the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem |
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Environmental factors a species needs to function metabolic enzymes |
Temp., oxygen, pH, osomotic pressure, perometric pressure |
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Endocytosis |
Encloses particles in small portions of plasma membrane to form vesicles that form into the cytoplasm |
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Phagocytosis |
Organic material brought into the cell |
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Pinocytosis |
Brings liquid into the cell |
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Hypotonic fluid |
Cells will swell because to much fluid flows into the cell(high concentration flows to low concentration |
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Isotonic fluid |
Same concentration of solutes as the fluid in the cell(equal flow) |
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Hypertonic |
Greater concentration of solutes outside cell than in cell. It shrivels |
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Osmosis |
Passive diffusion of water across a permeable membrane |
Tonicity- osmotic movements are affected by relative concentrations of solutes in fluids inside and outside the cell |
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Active transport |
Requires energy ans carrier proteins. They are gradient independent |
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Passive transport |
Does not require energy. Exists in gradient and from high to low concentration. |
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Chemoheterotrophs use |
Aerobic respiration |
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Saprobes |
Free-living microorganisms that fees on organic detritus |
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Parasites |
Derive nutrients from host |
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Obligate parasites |
Dependent on host, cannot grow outside of a living host |
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