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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
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motivation
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a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
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instinct
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the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
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drive-reduction theory
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a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
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homeostasis
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the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
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homeostasis
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a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
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incentive
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Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
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hierarchy of needs
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the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues.
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glucose
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when its level is low, we feel hunger
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glucose
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a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
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manic episode
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the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set
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set point
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when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
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set point
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an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
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anorexia nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
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bulimia nervosa
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a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males
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estrogen
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an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex
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sexual orientation
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a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills
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flow
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the application of psychological concepts an methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
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industrial-organizational psychology
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a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
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personnel psychology
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a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
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organizational psychology
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interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
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structured interviews
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a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard
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achievement motivation
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goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
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task leadership
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group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
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social leadership
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assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above
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Theory X
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assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity
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Theory Y
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a response of the whole organism
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emotion
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involving physiological, arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience
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emotion
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the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
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James-Lange theory
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the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion
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Cannon-Bard theory
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the theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
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two-factor theory (Schachter's theory)
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emotional release
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catharsis
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"releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
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catharsis
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people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
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feel-good, do-good phenomenon
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self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
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subjective well-being
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used along with measures of objective well-being to evaluate people's quality of life
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subjective well-being
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our tendency to form judgments relative to a "neutral" level defined by our prior experience
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adaptation-level phenomenon
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the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
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relative deprivation
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