Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_____ describes healing that occurs in a surgical wound that has been closed with sterile sutures.
|
Healing by first intention
|
|
What is considered a successful inflammatory response?
|
- Repairing damaged tissue with connective tissue
- Saving the tissues ability to function |
|
How does healing differ from simple repair?
|
Healing regenerates parenchymal tissue, where simple repair by connective tissue doesn't.
|
|
Describes the process of healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure. The wound is allowed to _____, or it closes by contraction and filling with connective tissue.
|
Healing by second intention
Granulate in |
|
_____ describes healing that occurs in a surgical wound that has been closed with sterile sutures.
|
Healing by first intention
|
|
The slow filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granulations, with subsequent cicatrization (scar formation)
|
Healing by third untention
|
|
What are the major differneces between healing by first and second intentions?
|
Second intention is larger wound that take longer to heal and has more granulation tissue.
|
|
What is considered a successful inflammatory response?
|
- Repairing damaged tissue with connective tissue
- Saving the tissues ability to function |
|
What does the tensile strength of wound healing depend on?
|
Collagen fibers
|
|
_____ have been shown to have the greatest effect on granulation tissue.
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
True/False:
Teratogenesis is dose dependent |
True
|
|
How does healing differ from simple repair?
|
Healing regenerates parenchymal tissue, where simple repair by connective tissue doesn't.
|
|
What are the physical agents involved in teratogenesis?
|
Radiation
Hypoxia Excessive carbon dioxide Mechanical trauma |
|
_____ describes healing that occurs in a surgical wound that has been closed with sterile sutures.
|
Healing by first intention
|
|
Describes the process of healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure. The wound is allowed to _____, or it closes by contraction and filling with connective tissue.
|
Healing by second intention
Granulate in |
|
The slow filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granulations, with subsequent cicatrization (scar formation)
|
Healing by third untention
|
|
What is considered a successful inflammatory response?
|
- Repairing damaged tissue with connective tissue
- Saving the tissues ability to function |
|
How does healing differ from simple repair?
|
Healing regenerates parenchymal tissue, where simple repair by connective tissue doesn't.
|
|
_____ describes healing that occurs in a surgical wound that has been closed with sterile sutures.
|
Healing by first intention
|
|
Describes the process of healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure. The wound is allowed to _____, or it closes by contraction and filling with connective tissue.
|
Healing by second intention
Granulate in |
|
The slow filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granulations, with subsequent cicatrization (scar formation)
|
Healing by third untention
|
|
What is considered a successful inflammatory response?
|
- Repairing damaged tissue with connective tissue
- Saving the tissues ability to function |
|
What are the major differneces between healing by first and second intentions?
|
Second intention is larger wound that take longer to heal and has more granulation tissue.
|
|
How does healing differ from simple repair?
|
Healing regenerates parenchymal tissue, where simple repair by connective tissue doesn't.
|
|
What does the tensile strength of wound healing depend on?
|
Collagen fibers
|
|
What are the major differneces between healing by first and second intentions?
|
Second intention is larger wound that take longer to heal and has more granulation tissue.
|
|
What does the tensile strength of wound healing depend on?
|
Collagen fibers
|
|
_____ have been shown to have the greatest effect on granulation tissue.
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
_____ have been shown to have the greatest effect on granulation tissue.
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
True/False:
Teratogenesis is dose dependent |
True
|
|
Describes the process of healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure. The wound is allowed to _____, or it closes by contraction and filling with connective tissue.
|
Healing by second intention
Granulate in |
|
True/False:
Teratogenesis is dose dependent |
True
|
|
What are the physical agents involved in teratogenesis?
|
Radiation
Hypoxia Excessive carbon dioxide Mechanical trauma |
|
The slow filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granulations, with subsequent cicatrization (scar formation)
|
Healing by third untention
|
|
What are the physical agents involved in teratogenesis?
|
Radiation
Hypoxia Excessive carbon dioxide Mechanical trauma |
|
What are the major differneces between healing by first and second intentions?
|
Second intention is larger wound that take longer to heal and has more granulation tissue.
|
|
_____ describes healing that occurs in a surgical wound that has been closed with sterile sutures.
|
Healing by first intention
|
|
What does the tensile strength of wound healing depend on?
|
Collagen fibers
|
|
_____ have been shown to have the greatest effect on granulation tissue.
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
What is considered a successful inflammatory response?
|
- Repairing damaged tissue with connective tissue
- Saving the tissues ability to function |
|
True/False:
Teratogenesis is dose dependent |
True
|
|
What are the physical agents involved in teratogenesis?
|
Radiation
Hypoxia Excessive carbon dioxide Mechanical trauma |
|
How does healing differ from simple repair?
|
Healing regenerates parenchymal tissue, where simple repair by connective tissue doesn't.
|
|
Describes the process of healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure. The wound is allowed to _____, or it closes by contraction and filling with connective tissue.
|
Healing by second intention
Granulate in |
|
The slow filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granulations, with subsequent cicatrization (scar formation)
|
Healing by third untention
|
|
What are the major differneces between healing by first and second intentions?
|
Second intention is larger wound that take longer to heal and has more granulation tissue.
|
|
What does the tensile strength of wound healing depend on?
|
Collagen fibers
|
|
_____ have been shown to have the greatest effect on granulation tissue.
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
True/False:
Teratogenesis is dose dependent |
True
|
|
What are the physical agents involved in teratogenesis?
|
Radiation
Hypoxia Excessive carbon dioxide Mechanical trauma |
|
_____ describes healing that occurs in a surgical wound that has been closed with sterile sutures.
|
Healing by first intention
|
|
What is considered a successful inflammatory response?
|
- Repairing damaged tissue with connective tissue
- Saving the tissues ability to function |
|
How does healing differ from simple repair?
|
Healing regenerates parenchymal tissue, where simple repair by connective tissue doesn't.
|
|
Describes the process of healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure. The wound is allowed to _____, or it closes by contraction and filling with connective tissue.
|
Healing by second intention
Granulate in |
|
The slow filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granulations, with subsequent cicatrization (scar formation)
|
Healing by third untention
|
|
What are the major differneces between healing by first and second intentions?
|
Second intention is larger wound that take longer to heal and has more granulation tissue.
|
|
What does the tensile strength of wound healing depend on?
|
Collagen fibers
|
|
_____ have been shown to have the greatest effect on granulation tissue.
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
True/False:
Teratogenesis is dose dependent |
True
|
|
What are the physical agents involved in teratogenesis?
|
Radiation
Hypoxia Excessive carbon dioxide Mechanical trauma |
|
What are the maternal infections for teratogenic agents?
|
TORCH Complex
Toxoplasmosis Other agents Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes Simplex |
|
What hormones can be considered teratogenic agents?
|
Sex hormones and corticosteroids
|
|
What vitamin deficiencies can be considered teratogenic?
|
Riboflavin
Niacin Folic Acid VitaminE |
|
What antibiotics can be considered teratogens?
|
Mitomycin
Dactinomycin Puromycin |
|
_____ describes healing that occurs in a surgical wound that has been closed with sterile sutures.
|
Healing by first intention
|
|
What is considered a successful inflammatory response?
|
- Repairing damaged tissue with connective tissue
- Saving the tissues ability to function |
|
How does healing differ from simple repair?
|
Healing regenerates parenchymal tissue, where simple repair by connective tissue doesn't.
|
|
Describes the process of healing a wound without the benefit of surgical closure. The wound is allowed to _____, or it closes by contraction and filling with connective tissue.
|
Healing by second intention
Granulate in |
|
The slow filling of a wound cavity or ulcer by granulations, with subsequent cicatrization (scar formation)
|
Healing by third untention
|
|
What are the major differneces between healing by first and second intentions?
|
Second intention is larger wound that take longer to heal and has more granulation tissue.
|
|
What does the tensile strength of wound healing depend on?
|
Collagen fibers
|
|
_____ have been shown to have the greatest effect on granulation tissue.
|
Glucocorticoids
|
|
True/False:
Teratogenesis is dose dependent |
True
|
|
What are the physical agents involved in teratogenesis?
|
Radiation
Hypoxia Excessive carbon dioxide Mechanical trauma |
|
What are the maternal infections for teratogenic agents?
|
TORCH Complex
Toxoplasmosis Other agents Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes Simplex |
|
What hormones can be considered teratogenic agents?
|
Sex hormones and corticosteroids
|
|
What vitamin deficiencies can be considered teratogenic?
|
Riboflavin
Niacin Folic Acid VitaminE |
|
What antibiotics can be considered teratogens?
|
Mitomycin
Dactinomycin Puromycin |
|
What are the conditions which warrant Teratogenesis?
|
First: teratogen in contact with fetus
Second: Teratogen must be in contact at the proper time of development for the organ being formed |
|
What is the critical phase in which teratogens are most potent during pregnancy?
|
1st trimester first three months
|
|
Important aspect of teratogenesis which is an important aspect that shows different effects at different stages of embryonic fetal development.
|
Time of Exposure
|
|
Severe illness caused by overwhelming infection of the bloodstream by toxin-producing bacteria.
|
Sepsis
|
|
What causes sepsis?
|
Bacterial infection which can originate anywhere in the body
|
|
Where are the common sites of sepsis in the body?
|
Kidneys (upper UTI)
Liver or gall bladder Bowel (Seen with periodontitis) Skin (cellulitis) Lungs (bacterial pneumonia) |
|
What can accompany sepsis?
|
Meningitis
|
|
In children what accompanies sepsis?
|
Infection of the bone (osteomyelitis)
|
|
What are some common sites of infection in hospitals?
|
IV lines, surgical wounds, surgical drains, and sites of skin breakdown as decubitus ulcers or bedsores.
|
|
What is the life threatening disease that follows sepsis?
|
Septic Shock
|
|
What are the main bacteria that are responsible for Sepsis?
|
Staph Aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella
|
|
In addition to the bacterial families that cause sepsis what other bacterial elements can do it?
|
LPS endotoxin released from walls of gram-negative bacteria
Complement-activated anaphylactic shock. |
|
Refers to the presence of viable bacteria in the circulating blood. can occur even in healthy individuals. Clinical signs and symptoms are not usually present.
|
Bacteremia
|
|
Defined as a viral infection of the bloodstream. A major feature of disseminated infections. The infecting virus is very susceptible to circulating antibodies.
|
Viremia
|
|
What organ can undergo regeneration?
|
Liver
|
|
Why is the liver the most uncommon site for infarcts?
|
70% removal stimulates mitoses of hepatocytes peaking at 33 hours. Fully restored after 12 days.
|
|
What organs in the body has the latent capacity for mitotic division?
|
Liver, bone marrow, blood (RBC and WBC), skin, salivary glands, cartilage, intestinal mucosa
|
|
What tissues of the body specifically do not regenerate?
|
Striated muscle, smooth muscle, neurons of the CNS
|
|
The heart, brain and lungs are very vulnerable to what?
Which of these undergoes hypertrophy in response to injury? |
Hypoxia and Anoxia
Heart |
|
Diffuse system composed of monocytes and macrophages located in _____ connective tissue. These cells are responsible for engulfing and removing cellular debris, old cells, pathogens, and foreign substances from the blood stream
|
Reticuloendothelial System
|
|
What is the role of the Reticuloendothelial system?
|
Functional rather than anatomicaland primarily involved in defense against infection and disposal of products of cellular breakdown.
|
|
What types of cells encompass the whole of the reticuloendothelial system?
|
All phagocytes except granulocytes including cells seen in the bone marrow, spleen, and liver.
|
|
What are macrophages of the CNS?
|
Microglia
|
|
What are phagocytic cells that line the blood vessels of the liver
|
Kupffer cells
|
|
Macrophages fixed in the alveolar lining of the lungs
|
Alveolar Macrophages
|
|
Fixed macrophages in connective tissue
|
Histocytes
|
|
What are the inherited disorders of the reticuloendothelial system?
|
Gaucher's deisease
Niemann-Pick disease Tay-Sachs disease Fabry's disease |
|
Most common inherited disorder of the reticuloendothelial system caused by a deficiency of beta-gluccerebrosidase
|
Gaucher's disease
|
|
Inherited disorder of the reticuloendothelial system caused by a deficiency of sphingomtelinase
|
Niemann-Pick disease
|
|
Inherited disorder of the reticuloendothelial system caused by a deficiency of hexosaminidase A
|
Tay-Sachs disease
|
|
Inherited disorder of the reticuloendothelial system caused by a deficiency in alpha galactosidase
|
Fabry's disease
|
|
The inherited disorders of the reticuloendothelial system are most common in what ancestry?
|
Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry
|
|
What causes an inherited disorder of the reticuloendothelial system?
|
Incomplete lysosomal breakdown of phingolipids and mucopolysaccharides within phagocytes, leading to an accumulation
|
|
How are inherited disorders of the reticuloendothelial system expressed?
|
All autosomal recessive except Fabry's which is X-linked recessive
|