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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
difficulty learning new material, recent memory impairment and declined verbal fluency mostly in the elderly.
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alzheimer's dz
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confirmatory dx findings in autopsy of alzheimer's dz
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neurofibrilliary tangles
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condition seen in bell's palsy where pt shows low tolerance for sounds normal to others
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hyperacusis
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corner-stone tx for myasthenia gravis
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pyridostigmine (mestinon)
neostigmine (prostigmin) |
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trigger for cluster ha
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etoh
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infection of the brain parenchyma
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encephalitis
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only type of meningitis that occurs in outbreaks
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meningoccocal
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possible causes of staph meningitis (3)
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trauma
neurologic procedure endocarditis |
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3 classes of abx that should not be used in meningitis due to low efficacy related to csf access
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1st and 2nd gen cephs
clindamycin |
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drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis in personel in close contact w/ meningococcal meningitis pt
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rifampin
other alternatives are: quinolone and azythromycin |
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Sensory systems, voluntary eye muscles, and urinary sphincter are spared in what neurologic dz
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ALS
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drug to reduce progression of ALS at least 3 months
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riluzole (Rilutek)
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tx for essential tremor 2 drugs
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beta blockers
small dose ETOH |
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pt presents w/ inability of protuding her tongue, think...
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huntington's dz
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pt is unable to resist blinking when tapped on the glabella
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myerson's sign (parkinson's)
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shock sensation running down the spine when flexing the neck
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Lhermitte's Sign (MS classically)
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postictal paralysis
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Todd's paresis
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type of seizure where only a part of the body is affected w/o LOC
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simple partial seizure
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pt appears staring and then blinks fast for a couple of secs
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abscense seizure
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drug of choice for abscense seizure
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ethosuximide
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drug of choice for myoclonic seizure
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valproic acid
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ataxia, gingival hyperplasia and nystagmus are AE of...
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phenytoin
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most common aneurysm type
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saccular (berry)
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most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage
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trauma
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focal deficit in internal carotid oclussion
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ipsilateral blindness
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Slow, purposeless and involuntary movements of the extremities
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Athetosis
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Inability to identify objects or people
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Agnosia
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Rapid disease progresion (weeks to months), dementia with myoclonus
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Bovine Spongyform Encephalopathy or Creutzfeld-Jakob's disease
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major difference between MS and Neuromyelitis Optica
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MRI IN NMO SHOWS LESIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD ONLY UNLIKE MS WHICH INVOLVES THE BRAIN
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pt presents with decreeased visual acuity and loss of bladder control along with weakness of the extremities.
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NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA
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Which protein is the target of antibodies in Neuromyelitis Optica
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AQUAPORIN 4
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Multisystem atrophy with chronic orthostatic hypotension
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SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME
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Headache awaking the pt from sleep, projectile vomiting
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INCREASED ICP
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Bradycardia, hypertension and cheyne-stokes respirations
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CUSHING'S TRIAD FOR INCREASED ICP
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Irregular breathing pattern of hyperapneic and apneic oscillations assoc. with increased ICP
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CHEYNE-STOKES BREATHING
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Regular breathing pattern of hyperapnea and apnea aka "cluster breathing" assoc. with opioid tox
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BIOT'S RESP.
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Deep and labored breathing pattern assoc. w/ DKA
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KUSSMAUL RESP.
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Increased ICP assoc. with vit A toxicity common in obese young females
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PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI
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Painless ulcers usually above the ankle
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VENOUS ULCERS
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Painful ulcers assoc. with decreased pulses, cyanosis and pallor
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ARTERIAL ULCERS
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Two mechanisms by which hyponatremia can develop as a result of a subarachnoid hemorrhage
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SIADH
Cerebral salt wasting (surge of epi and norepi = diuresis) |
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Pt with a hx of htn presents w/ non-positional vertigo and unilateral posterior headache. Which artery/arteries are affected?
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CIRCUMFERENCIAL ARTERIES BRANCHING FROM THE VERTEBROBASILAR ARTERY (ANTERIOR CEREBELLAR ARTERY AND PONTINE BRANCHES)
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Basilar thrombosis is the most common cause of this illness
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LOCKED-IN SYNDROME
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quadraplegic and silent pt who is alert w/ preserved eye movement. Dx?
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LOCKED-IN SYNDROME
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Which substance overdose should be ruled out in a pt who appears brain dead?
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PHENOBARBITAL
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Rotary nystagmus, agitation and seizures are typical signs of what recreational drug toxicity
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PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
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Injury to this lobe of the brain manifests with psychiatric symptoms like olfactory or auditory hallucinations etc..
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TEMPORAL LOBE
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Pt presents with poor concentration, moria, inapropiate joking and Broca's aphasia. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?
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FRONTAL LOBE
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Medical term for childish euphoria
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MORIA
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ataxia, scoliosis, pes cavus
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FRIEDREICH ATAXIA
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Visual hallucinations associated with parkisonian features and fluctuant alerteness
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LEWY BODY DEMENTIA
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Condition where the pt believes a family member or caregiver has been replaced by an impostor
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CAPGRAS OR DELUSIONAL MISIDENTIFICATION SYNDROME
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Pt presents w/ hyperacusis, impaired taste and sudden facial weakness
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BELL'S PALSY
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Immuno-supressed pt w/ focal deficits as well as ams associated w/ JC virus infection and homonymous hemianopsia..dx?
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PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY
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Clawing of the toes is a clue about which nerve injury?
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TIBIAL NERVE
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Which nerve is likely affected in foot drop?
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DEEP PERONEAL NERVE
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First and second most common locations of circle of willis aneurysms
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1- ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING A.
2- POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING A. |
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Difference between classic and bulbar poliomyelitis
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CLASSIC POLIO AFFECTS MUSCLES SUPPLIED BY SPINAL NERVES
BULBAR POLIO AFFECTS MUSCLES SUPPLIED BY CRANIAL NERVES |
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Benign CNS tumor associated with hyperostosis and intra-tumor calcifications
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MENINGIOMA
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Dx of a tumor that shows ring enhancement with central necrosis invading the white matter tracts
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GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME
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HIV + Pt presents with recent memory loss and confusion that waxes and wanes throughout the day. Has trouble speaking and writing. Ct shows cortical atrophy and ventricular enlargement and CSF analysis reveals increase protein content. Dx?
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AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX
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HIV + pt complains of lower extremity weakness as well as an episode of fecal incontinence. Physical Exam reveals decreased sensation in the lower extremities..Dx?
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VACUOLAR MYELOPATHY
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Which lab test can be used to differentiate an epileptic seizure from a psychogenic one?
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PROLACTIN LEVEL..IT IS USUALLY HIGH IN POSTICTAL PHASE OF TRUE SEIZURES
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Pt presents with progressive neurologic deficits. MRI shows well-demarcated, contrast-enhanced lesions located supratentorially. What's the most likely dx?
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BRAIN METASTASES
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A child w/ a h/o cognitive dysfunction presents w/ recurrent myoclonic seizures that don't improve with anticonvulsants. EEG shows slow-spike interictal waves. MLDx?
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LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME
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