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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle. |
oxidized...reduced |
|
The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. |
making sugar |
|
The ultimate source of energy to support most life on Earth is _____ |
sunlight |
|
The photosynthetic membranes are found in the _____ in plant cells |
chloroplasts |
|
Why are there often so many steps between the original signal event and the cell's response? |
Each step in a cascade produces a large number of activated products, causing signal amplification as the cascade progresses. |
|
To what does the term "ligand" refer in cell biology? |
any small molecule that can bind in a specific manner to a larger one |
|
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle. |
oxidized...reduced |
|
The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. |
making sugar |
|
The ultimate source of energy to support most life on Earth is _____ |
sunlight |
|
The photosynthetic membranes are found in the _____ in plant cells |
chloroplasts |
|
Why are there often so many steps between the original signal event and the cell's response? |
Each step in a cascade produces a large number of activated products, causing signal amplification as the cascade progresses. |
|
To what does the term "ligand" refer in cell biology? |
any small molecule that can bind in a specific manner to a larger one |
|
Why can a signaling molecule cause different responses in different cells? |
The transduction process is unique to each cell type; to respond to a signal, different cells require only a similar membrane receptor. |
|
Which of the following is a substance that acts at a long distance from the site at which it is secreted? |
hormone |
|
A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain? |
92 |
|
Which of the following is found in binary fission but not in mitosis? |
Duplicated chromosomes attach to the plasma membrane. |
|
Which of the following correctly matches a phase of the cell cycle with its description |
G1: follows cell division |
|
Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in which phase of the cell cycle? |
G1 |
|
Mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells? |
two diploid cells ... four haploid cells |
|
Asexual reproduction _____ |
produces offspring genetically identical to the parent |
|
How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? |
Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. |
|
What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? |
44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes |
|
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle. |
oxidized...reduced |
|
The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. |
making sugar |
|
The ultimate source of energy to support most life on Earth is _____ |
sunlight |
|
The photosynthetic membranes are found in the _____ in plant cells |
chloroplasts |
|
Why are there often so many steps between the original signal event and the cell's response? |
Each step in a cascade produces a large number of activated products, causing signal amplification as the cascade progresses. |
|
To what does the term "ligand" refer in cell biology? |
any small molecule that can bind in a specific manner to a larger one |
|
Why can a signaling molecule cause different responses in different cells? |
The transduction process is unique to each cell type; to respond to a signal, different cells require only a similar membrane receptor. |
|
Which of the following is a substance that acts at a long distance from the site at which it is secreted? |
hormone |
|
A human bone marrow cell, in prophase of mitosis, contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromatids does it contain? |
92 |
|
Which of the following is found in binary fission but not in mitosis? |
Duplicated chromosomes attach to the plasma membrane. |
|
Which of the following correctly matches a phase of the cell cycle with its description |
G1: follows cell division |
|
Cells will usually divide if they receive the proper signal at a checkpoint in which phase of the cell cycle? |
G1 |
|
Mitosis results in the formation of how many cells; meiosis results in the formation of how many cells? |
two diploid cells ... four haploid cells |
|
Asexual reproduction _____ |
produces offspring genetically identical to the parent |
|
How are sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes different from each other? |
Homologous chromosomes contain the same gene loci but may have different alleles of a particular gene. Sister chromatids are identical copies of each other produced during DNA replication. |
|
What number and types of chromosomes are found in a human somatic cell? |
44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes |
|
Which of the following is not a component of photosynthesis |
Citric Acid Cycle |
|
Chloroplasts generate a proton gradient |
across the thylakoid membrane |
|
When during photosynthesis is the proton gradient established across the thylakoid membrane? |
in the light reactions |
|
What re the metabolic end products of the light reactions of photosynthesis? |
O2, ATP, NADPH |
|
What is the primary function of the calvin cycle? |
synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide |
|
The Calvin Cycle produces ATP, True or False? |
False |
|
The electrons of photosystem 2 are excited and transferred to electron carriers. From which molecule or structure do the photosystem 2 replacement electrons come? |
water |
|
In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of atp by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during_____? |
photosynthesis and respiration |
|
In a plant, the reactions that produce molecular oxygen(O2) take place in___. |
the light reactions alone |
|
Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? |
They use pep carboxylase to initially fix CO2 |
|
Indicated where oxygen should be in this diagram and explain its role in photosynthesis? |
Diagram jess has |
|
What are the three stages of cell signaling? |
reception, transduction, response |
|
Hormones are chemical substances produced I one organt hat are released into the bloodstream and affect the function of a target organ. For the target organ to respond to a particular hormone, it must____? |
have receptors that recognize and bind |
|
Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in the distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane? |
Ligand gated ion channel |
|
What accounts for the ability of a hormone which is present in only very small amounts, to elicit such large responses in cells? |
amplification of the signal |
|
G protein coupled receptors distinctive feature_____? |
Activation of a G protein |
|
Which best describes what a plasma membrane spanning receptor actually does upon reception of a signal? |
binding of a signal molecule alters the receptors other binding sites and activities. |
|
The first gap in the cell cycle G1 corresponds to___? |
Normal growth and cell function |
|
The mitotic spindle is a microtubular structure is involved in_____? |
D |
|
Which of the following does NOT need to happen during a successful mitotic cell division? |
exchange of dna |
|
Through a microscope you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. This cell is most likely___? |
A plant cell in cytokinesis |
|
Metaphase is characterized by____? |
aligning chromosomes on the equator |
|
At which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells? |
Prophase |
|
At what part of the cell cycle would you see chromosomes that looks like this? |
M |
|
During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids become chromosomes? |
anaphase |
|
From prophase through metaphase of mitosis each chromosome has___DNA molecules while from anaphase trough telophase of mitosis, each chromosome has ____ DNA molecule(s)? |
two;one |
|
A research team began a study of a cultured cell line. Their prelim. Observations showed them that the cell line did not exhibit either density dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence. What could they conclude right away? |
cell shows characteristic of tumor |
|
Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n=16? |
each diploid has 8 homologus |
|
Homologus chromosomes _____? |
carry info for the same traits |
|
Diploid cells may undergo either mitosis or meiosis. Haploid cells may undergo mitosis for certain species but not meiosis because? |
homologus chromosomes cannot pair |
|
Gametes produced from one meiotic event |
each have same chromosome number |
|
How and at what stage do chromosomes undergo independent assortment? |
meiosis 1 metaphase alignment |
|
Crossing over begins to occur during |
prophase 1 |
|
Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? |
synapsis of chromosomes |