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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_______is a fibrous protective sac enclosing the heart |
pericardium
epicardium myocardium endocardium |
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______ recieves blood from systemic circulation, from the superior and inferior vena cavae
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right atrium
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______recieves blood from the RA and pumps blood via the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation; low-pressure pulmonary pump
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right ventricle
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_____recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs and the four pulmonary veins
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left atrium (LA)
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_____recieves blood from the LA and pumps blood via the aorta throughout the entire systemic circulation; the high pressure systemic pump.
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left ventricle (LV)
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_____prevent backflow of blood into atria during ventricular systole; name the two valves
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atrioventricular valves
- tricuspid (R heart valve) - bicuspid (L heart valve) aka mitral valve |
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______prevents backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into ventricles during diastole; name the two valves
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semilunar valves
- pulmonary valve: R backflow - aortic valve: L backflow |
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______is the period of ventricular contraction. End _______volume is about ____mL
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systole
systolic 50 |
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_____is the period of ventricular relaxation and filling of blood. End ________ volume is about ________mL
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diastole
diastolic 120 |
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________supplies blood to the RA, most of the RV, and in most individuals the inferior wall of the LV, AV node, and bundle of His; 60% of the time supplies the SA node
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Right coronary artery (RCA)
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________supplies blood to most of the LV and has two main division:
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Left coronary artery (LCA)
- left anterior descending (LAD) - circumflex (Circ.) |
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_______supplies blood to the LV and the intraventricular septum, and in most individuals, the inferior areas of the apex; it may also give off branches to the RV
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left anterior descending (LAD)
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________supplies blood to the lateral and inferior walls of the LV and portions of the LA; 40% of the time supplies the SA node
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circumflex (Circ.)
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_________are specialized conducting material of the heart that allows for rapid transmission of electrical impulses in the myocardium
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purkinje fibers
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__________ is located the junction of the superior vena cava and the R atrium; main pacemaker of the heart, initiats the impulse; has both SNS and PNS innervation affecting both heart rate and strength of contraction.
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Sinoatrial (SA) node
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___________is located at the junction of the RA and RV; has both PNS and SNS innervation; merges with the bundle of His.
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Atrioventricular (AV) node
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___________branches of the AV node are located on either side of the intraventricular septum and terminate into purkinje fibers
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Right and left bundle
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Conduction through the heart starts at the _______,spreads to both atria; which contract together; stimulates the ________, is transmitted down the ________ to the purkinje fibers; the impulse then spreads throughout both ventricles which contract together.
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SA node
AV node bundle of His |
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Signs and symptoms of cardiovascular compromise include:
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chest pain
fatigue palpitations dizziness edema |
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Impaired fasting glucose values would be > or = to:
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110 mg/dL
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Obesity is defined by a BMI > or = to ______, or a waist girth > _______cm
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30 kg/m2
100 |
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Ideal HDL levels are >:
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60 mg/dL
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Pulses should be palpated for ___sec for a normal rythym and ____minutes for irregular.
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30
1-2 |
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Palpating the 5th interspace near the midclavicular line is a description of?
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apical pulse
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Radial pulse is taken at the?
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base of the thumb
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Carotid pulse is taken between the trachea and the ____?
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SCM
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Brachial pulse is taken on the _____side of the antecubital fossa.
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medial
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Normal HR is ____bpm and ranges from _____bpm.
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70
60-80 |
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A newborn's HR averages ___ bpm and ranges_____bpm.
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120
70-170 |
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> 100 bpm is considered?
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tachycardia
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Bradycardia is considered < ___ bpm?
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60
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Irregular pulse may be due to?
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arrhythmias or myocarditis
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Weak, thready pulse is indicative of?
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low stroke volume and cardiogenic shock
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Bounding full pulse is indicative of?
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shortened ventricular systole and decreased peripheral pressure; aortic insufficiency
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Auscultate the aortic valve at the ___ ____ intercostal space at the ____ _____.
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2nd right
sternal border |
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Auscultate the pulmonic valve at ___ ____ intercostal space at the ____ _____.
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2nd left
sternal border |
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Auscultate the tricuspid valve at the ___ ____ intercostal space at the ___ _____.
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4th left
sternal border |
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Auscultate the mitral valve at the ___ _____ intercostal space at the ____ _____.
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5th left
midclavical area |
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The "lub" sound signifies the ___ sound from normal closure of the ____ and ____ valves; marks the beginning of?
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S1
mitral and tricuspid systole-dec w/ first-degree heart block |
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The "dub" sound signifies the ___ sound from normal closure of the ____ and ____ valves; marks the end of?
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S2
pulmonic and aortic systole- dec w/ aortic stenosis |
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Murmurs that fall between S1 and S2, aka systole indicate?
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valvular disease (aka mitral valve prolapse) or can be normal
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Murmurs that fall b/t S2 and S1, aka diastole indicate?
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valvular disease
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Grade 1 is the softest audible murmur, ______is audible w/ stethescope off the chest.
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grade 6
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A _____ is an abnormal tremor accompanying a vascular or cardiac murmur; felt on palpation.
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thrill
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A ______ is an abnormal rythm defined by three sounds in each cycle.
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gallop rythm
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Bruits are adventitious (blowing) sounds that are indicative of?
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atherosclerosis - common at the carotid and femoral aa.
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Occurs soon after S2, indicative of (LV) congestive heart failure?
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S3
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Occurs just before S1, and may indicate CAD, MI, aortic stenosis, or chronic HTN?
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S4
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