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160 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
This system is used when presision medication dosage is needed ex more powerful drugs
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metric system (millil, l, micrograms, grams, kilograms)
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this system is used when less precision in medication dosage is needed ex Maalox
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household system (teaspoons, tablespoons, ounces, pounds, cups, pints, quarts, gallon)
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this system uses grains. uses lowercase roman num to denote dosage
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apothecary system
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_-_ ml= 1 teaspoon
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4-5ml
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12-15 ml= __ teaspoon(s)
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3
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__ teaspoons = 1 tablespoon
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3
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___-___ml= 1 fluid ounce
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30-32ml
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1 fluid ounce= __ tablespoon(s)
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2
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240 ml= ___ fl oz
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8
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__fl oz= 1 cup
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8
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___ml= 16 fl oz
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500
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___fl oz= 1 pint
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16
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1000 ml= __ pint(s)
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2
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__ pint(s)= 1 liter
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2
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1 liter= __ quart(s)
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1
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_ ml= 4 quarts
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4000
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___ quarts= 1 gallon
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4
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__ml=1 tablespoon
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12-15ml
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__ml= 2 T
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30-32
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___ml=1 cup
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240
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__ml=1 pint
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500
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__ml=1 quart
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1000
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__ml=1 gallon
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4000
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aa
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of each
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a.c.
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before meals
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ad
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to, up to
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ad lib
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as freely as desired
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amt
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amount
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Aq
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water
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Aq dest
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distilled water
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*A.S.
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left ear
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*A.D.
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right ear
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*A.U.
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both ears
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bid
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twice a day during waking hours (9am & 6pm)
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bin
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twice a night
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BM
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bowel movement
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BP
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blood pressure
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BR
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bed rest
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BRP
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bathroon privleges
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BSC
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bedside commode
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c
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with
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caps
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capsule
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CBC
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complete blood count
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C/O
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complains of
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comp
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compound
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DAT
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diet as tolerated
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DC
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Discontinue
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"discharge"
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write out instead of using DC or D/C. if DC is written and is followed by a list of medications to take home, it can be mistaken as "discontinue the following medications"
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Dsg
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Dressing
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D5W
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5% dextrose in water
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dil
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dilute
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DX
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diagnosis
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EEG
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electroencephalogram
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EKG (ECG)
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electrocardiogram
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elix
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elixir
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"of each" derived from
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ana
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"before meals" derived from
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ante cibum
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to derived from
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ad
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as freely as desired derived from
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ad libitum
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water derived from
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aqua
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distilled water derived from
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aqua distillata
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twice a day during waking hours derived from
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dis in die
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twice a night derived from
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bis in nocte
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with derived from
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cum
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capsule derived from
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capsula
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compound derived from
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compositus
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dilute derived from
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dilue
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elixir derived from
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elixir
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ext means ___
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extract
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extract derived from
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extractum
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five steps of the nursing process:
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1. assesment
2. diagnosis 3. planning 4. implementation 5. evaluation |
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___ is part of the nursing process that is data collected
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assesment
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____ is part of the nursing process where you give and analysis of the assesment data
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diagnosis
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___ is part of the nursing process where we worry about the patient and expected outcomes and priorities. You should document this called a ______
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planning
nursing care plan |
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___ is part of the nursing process where you put the plan into action. document this. review and revise if needed. assesing is initial continuous and evaluative
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implementation
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___ is part of the nursing process where we see is the ecpected outcomes were achieved, did we revise, modify, or terminate the plan, and was the plan effective.
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evaluation
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-problem to solve
-proactive -risks accounted for -plan- goals -intervene -evaluate -revise |
nursing process model
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-problem
-reactive -real problems only -plan solution -initiate plan -determine outcomes |
problem solving model
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to move from assesment to diagnosis ___ is required
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accurate and thourough assesment
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to move from diagnosis to planning ___ is required
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knowlege and creativity
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to move from planning to implementation ___ is required
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flexibility
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to move from implementation to evaluation ___ is required
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attentiveness
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the nursing process is ____
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systematic and proactive
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___ are important to the nursing process
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critical thinking skills
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____ is action in the nursing process
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implementation
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___ is data in the nursing process
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assesment
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___ is analysis of data in nursing process
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diagnosis
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__ is review in the nursing process
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evaluation
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The nursing process is ____ and ____, not static
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dynamic and cyclical
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treat human responses to actual or possible health situations
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nursing diagnosis(nursing process)
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treat human disease- focus is on structure and function of people with illness
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physician diagnosis (Medical process)
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benefits to the nursing process is that it is based on ______. It is the basis for _____ and provides _____.
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-practice standards
-basis for professional examination (NCLEX) -standardized computer care plans |
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-holistic
-human respose -teach: independence -consult physician: disease and treatment -primary involvement: individual, family, and group |
nursing process
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-organ systems
-Aim: normailize function -Teach: treatment regimen - consult nursing re: ADLs, wound care, etc -primary involvement: individuals |
medical process
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____ deaths per year due to medical error
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98000
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what is the root cause of medical deaths?
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system failures
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____ is used to reduce medical errors
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patient identification
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which model is deseased based?
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diagnosis and treatment model
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in the diagnosis and treatment model, treatments can be ___ or ____ and the outcome is ____.
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- medication or surgery
-outcome: relief of problem/symptoms |
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Which model is proactive and the focus is the patient. It notes risks, initiates prevention strategies, and manages chronic illness
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predict, prevent, and manage model
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healthy people 2010 targets _____ national problems like childhood obesity, lack of breastfeeding, and smoking
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preventable
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ethical principle that means right to decide
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autonomy
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ethical principle that means first do no harm
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beneficence
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ethical principle that means fair and equal
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justice
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ethical principle that means keep promises
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fidelity
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ethical principle that means truthfulness
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veracity
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the 7 ethical principles are:
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1. autonomy
2. beneficence 3. justice 4. fidelity 5. veracity 6. accountability 7. confidentiality |
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a ____ knowledge base is needed for nursing
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broad
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It is important for a nurse to have ___ skills. __ take many reps to train neural connections
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-technical (psychomotor)
-motor |
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staying involved in difficult cases is a characteristic of ____
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critical thinking
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when the focus is on what is best for the patient it is a ____ principle
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ethical
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nurses must have the __ and ___ to care
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ability and willingness
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ability to care includes ___ and ____ of patient and self
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understanding and insight
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during assesment, the entrie plan of care is based on ____ and _____ of assesment
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accuracy and completeness
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it takes about 10 years to get to the bedside
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knowledge turnover
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the 6 phases of assesment are :
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1. data collection
2. identifying cues and making inferences 3. validating data 4. organizing data 5. identifying patterns in the data 6. recording and reporting data |
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You will most likely record data _____ and will most likely report it to ____
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- in a chart
-Drs or other nurses |
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__ is the first phase of assesment
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collecting data
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What resources can the nurse use when collecting data?
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chart, monitor, patient
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Where will the nurse get the most up to date assesment information from?
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at the bedside from the patient
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Data based assesment is like a ________ and is collected at the start of care. Focus assesment is looking at a certain area of care. Focus assesment is used when you need to asses a ____. (ex pain: give med then come back and asses their pain)
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-history foundation
-particular condition |
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____ model is used for assesment tool design
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nursing model or theory
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Assesment tool design involves ______
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insurance companies
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In assesment tool design, we look at the standards of care as defined by ____(_____), ____(_____), and _______
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- Agencies (JCAHO)
- organizations (ANA, AACN) - government |
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DNR means
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do not resussitate
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One goal of healthy people 2010 is eliminating _____ and ______.
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cultural and racial differences
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The perfect test for risk groups will be : _____, ______, and ______
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inexpensive, sensitive and specific, and have no false positives or negatives
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_____ are important in the "predict prevent and manage" model of health care
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screening tests
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____ provides safety and security during recovery from illness.
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cultural competence
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cultural competence provides that the patient will recieve care that takes into account thier:_____,____,and_____.
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cultural preferences, physiological differences, and emotional needs to illness
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physical assesment includes :___,____,___,and ____
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inspection
auscultation palation percussion |
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Inspection is of ____,____, and ____
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skin
gait and voice |
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(physical assesment)Inspection:
_____:lesions, bruises, swelling _____: symmetry, behavior _____:sound, breath, odors |
skin
gait voice |
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(physical assesment)
Auscultation: Instruments used- _____ for fetal heart _____ for BP _____ for heart, lungs, blood vessel sounds (ex bruits), and bowel sounds |
-Doppler or Pinard stethoscope
-Stethoscope/sphygmomanometer (BP cuff) - Stethoscope |
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(physical assesment)
use of touch. instrument is _____ |
-palpation
-your fingers |
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(physical assesment)instrument for percussion is ____ for ____.
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percussion hammer for reflexes
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(physical assesment)
percussion: ____/____: -resonance in lungs -tympany over abdomen -dullness over bladder |
fingers/hands
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obj and subjective data ____ eachother
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complement
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True or false: obj and subject data will always match
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false: they may not match
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data that is stated
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subjective data
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data that is observed
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objective data
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be specific when charting ____ data.
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objective data
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chart subjective data ____
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in quotes (ex "patient states...")
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How the nurse interprets data is a(n) ______
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inference
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When validating data, it is always better to _____ or _____
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measure or observe
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Methods of validating data:
- - - |
-ask patient or family
-labratory and other diagnostic data -readings of equiptment |
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When charting, one should chart ____, avoiding judgemental words, and should be _____.
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-objectively
-brief |
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if a mistake is made in charting:
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draw a single line through mistake, and write "void" or "error" with your initials
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When charting, document whatever you report and that is ____ reported and ___ and to _____.
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was, when, to whom
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You should _____ and chart soon after assesment.
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take notes
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Clustering data according to a nursing model helps to ______.
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identify nursing diagnosis and problems
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Clustering data according to body systems helps to _______.
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identify data that may indicate medical problems.
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Which body system should you use when clustering data medical and nursing problems?
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you should use both the nursing and body system to cluster the data so you do not miss any info that will help you interpret problems.
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When charting you should write in ___ ink
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black
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is defined as the knowledge, skills, and attitudes/beliefs that enable people to work well with, respond effectively to, and be supportive of people in cross-cultural settings.
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Cultural proficiency
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Practice of cultural genocide, sub-humanizing patients of color. (Tuskegee Experiment)
Denying clients access to their natural healers. Medical experiments without their knowledge or consent |
cultural destructiveness
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Not intentionally destructive, but lacks capacity to help diverse clients.
May take a “paternal” posture toward “lesser” races. Disproportionately applies resources. Enforces racist policies or maintains stereotypes. Gives subtle “not welcome” messages. |
cultural incapacity
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While expressing a philosophy of being unbiased,
believes that color or culture makes no difference. believes that the helping approaches by dominant culture are universally acceptable and applicable. ignores cultural strengths, encourages assimilation. |
cultural blindness
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Realizes weakness in serving diverse population and makes attempts at specific improvements.
Explores ways to reach clients. May feel a false sense of accomplishment that prevents further movement. May engage in tokenism. |
cultural pre-competence
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Has acceptance and respect for differences.
Engages in continuing self-assessment regarding cultural understanding. Makes adaptations to service models in order to meet client needs. Seeks advice and consultation from client community. |
basic cultural competence
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