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244 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of making poor food choices? -They can promote heart disease and cancer over the long term -over the long term, they will reduce lifespan in some people -When made over just a single day, they exert great harm to your health -over the long term, they will not affect lifespan in some people |
When made over just a single day, they exert great harm to your health |
|
Which of the following is a class of nutrient which contains no kcal? -lipids -fiber -protein -water |
water |
|
All of the following are examples of functional foods EXCEPT -tomatoes -regular oatmeal -regular white bread -calcium-fortified juice |
regular white bread |
|
Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient? -Protein -Calcium -Vitamin C -Vitamin D |
Protein
|
|
Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient? -Fat -Protein -Vitamin C -Carbohydrate |
Vitamin C |
|
Which of the following is an organic nutrient? -Fat -Water -Oxygen -Calcium |
Fat |
|
A nutrient needed by the body and that must be supplied by foods is termed a(n) |
Essential Nutrient |
|
Think metric volume -- One cup of liquid (milk) is approximately... |
240 ml |
|
Think metric weight -- a person who weighs 176 lbs. weighs... |
80 kg |
|
One gram of salt contains how many mg of sodium? Hint: atomic weight of sodium is 23 and the atomic weight of chloride is 35.5 |
393 mg |
|
What is the AMDR (acceptable macronutrient distribution range) for protein?
|
10-35%
|
|
The recommended daily allowance meets the needs for what percentage of the population? |
98% of the population |
|
Which of the following is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate Intake? -Setting nutrient goals for individuals -Identifying toxic intakes of nutrients -Restoring health of malnourished individuals -Developing nutrition programs for schoolkids |
Setting nutrient goals for individuals |
|
How are the RDA for almost all vitamin and mineral intakes set? |
High, to cover virtually all healthy individuals |
|
If a person consumed the lover AMDR limit for protein as part of a diet providing 1840 kcal, approximately how many grams of protein would be ingested? |
46 grams |
|
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the vitamins? -Essential -Inorganic -Destructible -kcal free |
Inorganic |
|
Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients? -they are organic -they yield 4 kcal per gram -some become dissolved in body fluids -some may be destroyed during cooking |
some may become dissolved in body fluids
|
|
What is the kcal value of a meal supplying 55 g of carbs, 25 g of protein, 15 g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol? |
490 |
|
A diet provides a total of 1800 kcal, of which 30% of the energy is from fat and 20% from protein. How many grams of carbs are contained in the diet? |
225 |
|
What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment? |
Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group |
|
An increase in exercise accompanied by a decrease in body weight is an example of a |
negative (or inverse) correlation |
|
Which of the following is NOT a typical part of a nutritional research article? -References -Speculation -Introduction -Review of the literature |
Speculation |
|
A clinical trial must involve -tissue cells in culture -rats or mice as subjects -human beings as subjects -computer modeling to design the study |
human beings as subjects
|
|
What set of values is used to recommend the average kcal intake that maintains population groups in energy balance? |
Estimated Energy Requirement |
|
What is the AMDR for lipids? |
20-35% |
|
What is the AMDR for Carbohydrates? |
45-65% |
|
Which of the following is an anthropometric measure? -Body weight -Blood Pressure -Blood iron level -Food intake information |
Body weight |
|
Which of the following would most likely lead to a primary nutrient deficiency? -inadequate nutrient intake -reduced nutrient absorption -increased nutrient excretion -increased nutrient destruction |
inadequate nutrient intake |
|
Which of the following is an overt symptom of iron deficiency? -Anemia -Headaches -Skin dryness -Decreased red blood cell count |
Headaches |
|
Which of the following does NOT describe a national trend in eating habits of Americans? -We eat larger portions -We snack more frequently -We eat more high-fiber foods -We eat more meals away from home |
We eat more high-fiber foods |
|
The concept of nutrient density is most helpful in achieving what principle of diet planning? |
kcal control |
|
A food that provides 100mg of magnesium and 25 kcal in a serving has a magnesium density (mg per kcal) of... |
4 |
|
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are applicable to all population groups except: |
children under 2 years of age |
|
Which of the following describes the nutritional value in this menu: |
a source of vitamin E and D is missing or marginal |
|
Which of the following restaurant sides provides both Vitamin A and Vitamin C -.5 cup of baked beans -onion rings -.5 cup of cottage cheese -3/4 cup cantaloupe |
3/4 cup cantaloupe |
|
Which of the following restaurant sides provides the most fiber? -.5 cup of baked beans -onion rings -.5 cup of cottage cheese -3/4 cup cantaloupe |
.5 cup of baked beans |
|
Which of the following is a healthy choice for protein in the USDA Food Patters? -Nuts -Bacon -Baked Potatoes -Sweet Potatoes |
Nuts |
|
Which of the following foods' kcal would be considered as part of one's discretionary kcal allowance? -Jam -Watermelon -Raw carrots -Brussels Sprouts |
Jam
|
|
Which of the following food groups is actually consumed in amounts greater than recommended by the USDA? -Dairy -Fruits -Vegetables -Protein Foods |
protein foods |
|
All of the following are features of the process of nutrient enrichment of fours EXCEPT: -it includes products such as pastas -fiber levels are similar to those in the whole grains -it is required of all refined grain products that cross state lines -thiamin and riboflavin are added in amts exceeding their levels in the whole grain |
Fiber levels are similar to those in the whole grains |
|
what mineral is added to refined flours in the enrichment process? |
Iron |
|
According to food labeling laws, which of the following is NOT an acceptable synonym for nonfat milk? -skim -no-fat -zero-fat -reduced-fat |
reduced-fat |
|
Approximately how many grams are in an ounce? |
30 |
|
According to nutrition labeling laws, which of the following minerals does NOT need to be listed on a food label? -iron -sodium -calcium -potassium |
potassium |
|
which of the following is a feature of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food label? -Trans-fat content is optional -saturated fat must be listed -naturally present sugars are excluded -soluble and insoluble fiber must be listed separately |
saturated fat must be listed |
|
On a food label, the "% daily value" table compares key nutrients per serving for a person consuming how many kcal per day? |
2000 |
|
which of the following ingredients on a food label is most likely a source of trans-fats? -butter -coconut oil -high-fructose corn syrup -Partially hydrogenated oils |
partial hydrogenated oils |
|
serving size of milk |
1 cup |
|
serving size of meat |
3 oz |
|
serving size of veggies |
1/2 cup |
|
serving size of fruit |
1 medium |
|
serving size of bread |
1 oz slice |
|
Which of the following foods is nutrient dense and also qualifies as a "good source" of calcium: -cheese with 50 mg of Ca -yogurt with 150 mg of Ca -Ice cream with 90 mg of Ca -Sherbet with 30 mg of Ca |
Yogurt with 150 mg of Ca |
|
For a person who needs 2000 kcal what is the RDA amts of veggies that should be consumed per day? |
2.5 cups |
|
Exchange groups were designed for diabetics. which of the following is NOT classified as ONE starch exchange? -.5 cup corn -.5 english muffin -.5 cup mashed potatoes -.5 cup veggie juice |
.5 cup veggie juice |
|
which of the following nutrients would be supplied in much greater amts from whole-grain bread vs. enriched bread -zinc -folate -riboflavin -thiamin |
zinc |
|
according to the USDA Food Patters, which of the following protein foods should be most limited? -seafood -high fat lunch meats -peanut butter -skinless chicken |
high fat lunch meats |
|
According to the principles of the USDA Food Patters, the foundation of a healthy diet should consist of |
nutrient-dense foods |
|
approximately how many more kcals does the average active adult need vs. the average sedentary adult? |
400-600 |
|
in food exchange lists, to what group are avocado assigned? |
fat |
|
whole-grain flour contains all parts of the grain with the exception of the |
husk |
|
for the most part, all of the following are advantages of vegetarian diets EXCEPT -fat intake is lower -fiber intake is higher -vitamin B12 intake is higher -intakes of vitamins A and C are higher |
vitamin B12 intake is higher |
|
What is a descriptive of My Food Plate? |
A graphic image of a plate designed to encourage consumers to have at least half their plate filled with fruits and vegetables |
|
which of the following is not a recommendation listed on the new chooseMyPlate.gov site? -make at least half your grains whole grains -make half your plate fruits and veggies -switch to whole milk -drink more water than sugary drinks |
switch to whole milk |
|
What is mastication? |
the act of chewing |
|
which of the following is NOT considered one of the basic taste sensations? -hot -sour -salty -bitter |
hot |
|
which of the following is a characteristic of the appendix? -it ferments fiber -it contains lymph cells -it slows down peristalsis -it stores preformed stools |
it contains lymph cells |
|
what structure functions to prevent entrance of food into the trachea? |
Epiglottis |
|
what is one function of the pyloric sphincter? |
prevents the contents of the small intestine from backing up into the stomach |
|
what is meant by the term "motility" in reference to the GI tract? |
the ability of the GI tract muscles to contract and move |
|
into what region of the intestinal tract does the stomach empty? |
Duodenum |
|
what structure separates the colon from the small intestine |
ileocecal valve |
|
which part of the GI tract contains highly acidic digestive juices? |
Stomach |
|
what substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices? |
mucus |
|
the purpose of bicarbonate in the digestive process is to |
raise the pH of chyme |
|
which of the following is NOT a function of HCl in digestion/absorption? -it kills bacteria -it activates pancreatic lipase -it activates a proteolytic enzyme (pepsin) -it promotes hydrolysis of dietary protein |
it activates pancreatic lipase |
|
what is the function of bile? |
Emulsifies fats |
|
which of the following is a function of the intestinal microvilli? -secretion of bile salts -secretion of digestive acid -transport and absorption of nutrient molecules -transport of pancreatic enzymes |
transport and absorption of nutrient molecules |
|
which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system? -it carries fats away from the intestines -it contains a fluid with a composition similar to pancreatic fluid -it circulates via a one-way pump at the junction to the subclavian vein -it serves to transport both fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins to the vascular system |
it carries fats away from the intestines |
|
When consumed on a regular basis, which of the following foods promotes healthful changes in the microflora of the GI tract? -fish -yogurt -poultry -iron-rich foods |
yogurt |
|
what two systems coordinate all digestive/absorption processes? |
nervous and endocrine |
|
which of the following is NOT among the functions of cholecystokinin? -triggering release of bile -slowing GI tract motility -triggering release of gastrin -triggering release of pancreatic fluid |
triggering release of gastrin |
|
which of the following stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate-rich juice? -Gastrin -secretin -glucagon -gastric-inhibitory peptide
|
secretin |
|
which of the following substances functions to control the release of HCl to prevent excessive acidity? -Fiber -Gastrin -Secretin -Bicarbonate |
Gastrin |
|
What substance controls the release of bile into the small intestine? |
Cholecystokinin |
|
Which of the following nutrients is most associated with increased production of intestinal gas? -iron -fats -protein -carbohydrates |
carbohydrates |
|
a person with chronic diarrhea is at risk for which of the following? -dehydration -constipation -peptic ulcers -Heimlich's disease |
dehydration |
|
what organ is affected by colitis? |
large intestine |
|
Jenny has just undergone a cholecystectomy. After recovery, Jenny will no longer... |
have an organ to store bile |
|
which of the following is NOT among the chief causes of ulcers -H. pylori -Excessive caffeine consumption -Regular use of anti-inflammatory drugs -Disorders that cause high gastric acid output |
Excessive caffeine consumption |
|
What is the first thing you should do if you suspect someone is choking on food? |
Ask the person to speak |
|
which of the following is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that digests complex carbs? -gastrin -CCK -protease -amylase |
amylase |
|
which of the following is the enzyme made in the pancreas which digests fats? -lipase -amylase -pepsin -trypsin |
lipase |
|
which of the following is the enzyme which is made in the stomach and digests protein? -lipase -amylase -pepsin -trypsin |
pepsin |
|
in which of the following are ample amounts of carbs almost always found? -plant foods -health foods -animal products -proteinrich foods |
plant foods |
|
which of the following is a complex plant polysaccharide? -starch -glycogen -disaccharide -monosaccharide |
starch
|
|
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucose? -it is soluble in water -it is a monosaccharide -it is part of the sucrose molecule -it is a pentose |
it is a pentose |
|
which of the following is known as fruit sugar or levulose? -maltose -glucose -fructose -galactose
|
fructose |
|
what is the composition of sucrose? |
one glucose and one fructose unit |
|
common table sugar (sucrose) is typically extracted from sugarcane and... |
sugar beets |
|
what is another name for lactose? |
milk sugar |
|
which of the following is NOT a feature of glycogen? -it is found in muscle and liver tissues -it is composed of glucose units -it is a plant polysaccharide -it plays a significant role in the body in maintaining blood sugar levels |
it is a plant polysaccharide |
|
which of the following is NOT a rich source of dietary starch? -grains -fruits -tubers -legumes |
fruits |
|
what are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin? |
fibers |
|
which of the following statements is NOT characteristic of fibers? -most fibers consist of linked monosaccharides -an example of a nonstarch polysaccharide fiber is pectin -an example of a nonpolysaccharide fiber is cellulose -most soluble fibers are easily digested by the bacteria in the colon |
an example of a nonpolysaccharide fiber is cellulose |
|
Which of the following is a feature of resistant starch? -It is common in overripe bananas -excessive intake promotes constipation -it resists hydrolysis by digestive enzymes -it cannot be fermented by large intestinal bacteria |
it resists hydrolysis by digestive enzymes |
|
which of the following fibers is water insoluble? -gums -pectins -cellulose -mucilages |
cellulose |
|
Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also in the |
mouth
|
|
what is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose? |
Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon |
|
when you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration |
epinephrine |
|
which of the following values falls within the normal range (mg/dL) of blood glucose? -40 -55 -75 -140 |
75 |
|
what hormone causes a decrease in blood glucose? |
insulin |
|
a person with a fasting blood glucose concentration of 129 mg/dL would be classified as |
diabetic |
|
what are characteristics of the conditions diabetes and hypoglycemia? |
both benefit from the inclusion of fiber-rich foods and consumption of smaller, more frequent meals |
|
what is the predominant sweetner used in formulation beverages in the United States? |
high-fructose corn syrup |
|
food manufacturers prefer to use high-fructose corn syrup instead of sugar because sugar.... |
is more expensive |
|
what sweetener contains a significant amount of iron and calcium? |
Blackstrap molasses |
|
what is the RDA for carbs? |
130g |
|
about how many grams of carbs are contained in one ounce of foods in the grain group |
15 |
|
what is the DRI for fiber for a person consuming 2500 kcal |
35g |
|
gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of |
glucose from a noncarb substance |
|
a person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready to eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is |
high |
|
which of the following are not calssified as artificial sweeteners? -sugar alcohols -saccharin -stevia -nutrasweet |
sugar alcohols |
|
approx how many grams of carbs are in the following breakfast? 1 banana 1 C cheerios 6oz skim milk
|
60 grams |
|
what compound is composed of 3 fatty acids and glycerol |
triglyceride |
|
what is a property of dietary lipids |
omega 3 fatty acids are always unsaturated |
|
which of the following is not a lipid -omega 3 and omega 6 -triglycerides -cholesterol -steroid glycogen |
glycogen
|
|
what is an example of a common dietary saturated fatty acid |
stearic acid |
|
lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation die to their number of |
double bonds |
|
what describes a fatty acid that has NO double bonds |
saturated |
|
what describes a fatty acid that has one double bond |
monounsaturated |
|
what type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil? |
monounsaturated |
|
an omega 3 fatty acid has its first double bond on the |
third carbon from the methyl end |
|
what is an example of a lipid that is an essential nutrient? |
linoleic acid |
|
the oils found in walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and wheat germ represent a good source of preformed |
linolenic acid |
|
what is the structural feature of fatty acids that determines their susceptibility to spoilage by oxygen? |
number of double bonds |
|
characteristics of hydrogenated oils include |
-they are stored in adipose tissue -they lower HDL and raise LDL cholesterol -some of their fatty acids change shape from cis to trans |
|
what is a characteristic of cholesterol |
it is a precursor for bile a vitamin D synthesis |
|
which of the following foods contains the highest amount of cholesterol |
one boiled egg |
|
approx how many milligrams of cholesterol are found in an egg |
200 |
|
which of the following does not describe a function of fat adds flavor to food serves as a carrier of fat-soluble vitamins is an essential constituent of body tissues supplied up to 25% of body energy needs during rest |
supplies up to 25% of body energy needs during rest
|
|
according to the DRI, what is the upper limit of fat that may be consumed by a healthy person requiring 3000 kcal per day |
117 |
|
a meal providing 1200 kcal contains 10g saturated 14g monounsaturated 20g polyunsaturated what is the percentage of energy supplied by the lipids |
33 |
|
for most adults, what is the recommended min amount of fat that should be consumed, as a percentage of total energy intake |
20 |
|
what tissue contains special receptors for removing low density lipoproteins from the circulation |
liver |
|
the results of blood tests reveal a persons total cholesterol and triglycerides are called a |
lipid profile |
|
bob had a lipid profile analysis. the dr recommended he make dietary changes because the cholesterol results put him at increased risk for cardio disease. what is the diagnosis? |
low HDL and high LDL |
|
Jeff wishes to switch from using corn oil to using one that is a good source of omega-3 fats. Which of the following should be recommended? canola corn safflower liquefied lard |
canola |
|
A person is consuming 1600 kcal/day about how many grams of fat should they consume per day? |
36-62 grams |
|
What describes a feature of cis-fatty acids and trans-fatty acids? |
in the body, trans fatty acids are metabolized more like saturated fats than like unsaturated |
|
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the artificial fat replacer olestra? It can be used in the frying of foods It leads to constipation in some individuals Its chemical structure is similar to a triglyceride It lowers absorption of vitamins A and K from foods |
It leads to constipation in some individuals |
|
what is a characteristic of fish consumption |
Fatty fish contain the highest amounts of omega-3 fatty acids
|
|
A lacto-ovo vegetarian wishing to ensure a liberal intake of linolenic acid should consume |
canola oil and walnuts. |
|
Which of the following is NOT a feature of dairy products consumption? Yogurt is known to lower blood cholesterol Fat-free milk is lower in kcalories but also lower in protein and calcium than whole milk Fermented milk products raise the bacterial population in the colon Fat-free milk contains no cholesterol |
Fat-free milk is lower in kcalories but also lower in protein and calcium than whole milk |
|
In comparison to the composition of carbohydrates and fats, which element found in proteins makes them unique? |
nitrogen |
|
what is the primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another? |
the side group |
|
what amino acids contain sulfur? |
cysteine
|
|
Which of the following is NOT an essential amino acid in human nutrition? proline threonine methionine tryptophan |
proline |
|
What is the composition of a tripeptide? |
Three amino acids bonded together |
|
What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein chain? |
Denaturation |
|
Protein-hydrolyzing enzymes are commonly known as |
proteases |
|
In what organ is pepsin active? |
Stomach |
|
What is the chief function of pepsin? |
Cleaves proteins into smaller polypeptides
|
|
Which of the following describes the structure of pepsin? lipid protein nucleic acid carb |
protein |
|
what is a characteristic of protein synthesis? |
Messenger RNA is constructed from a DNA template to carry instructions |
|
What is a ribosome? |
A cellular structure upon which proteins are assembled |
|
What protein |
Collagen |
|
what is a characteristic of protein hormones? |
Act as messenger molecules |
|
Which of the following do(es) NOT function as a transport protein? collagen transferrin hemoglobin lipoproteins |
collagen |
|
what processes is regulated primarily by the buffering action of proteins? |
pH balance
|
|
The body’s usual response to detection of antigens is to synthesize these proteins? |
antibodies
|
|
Given that protein is 16% nitrogen, how many grams of nitrogen are contained in a 2500-kcalorie diet that provides 15% of the energy as protein? |
15
|
|
What is the nitrogen balance of a person who consumed a 3500-kcalorie diet containing 10% protein and excreted a total of 12 grams of nitrogen? (Protein is 16% nitrogen.) |
+2 g (positive balance)
|
|
What is the RDA for adult females? |
46 |
|
f a person consumes 65 grams of protein and a total of 2700 kcalories per day, approximately what percentage of energy would be derived from protein? |
10 |
|
Your friend Jill has just joined her community college soccer team. How much protein should she consume each day? |
1.2-1.7 g/kg
|
|
Which of the following is related to the quality of a food protein? Quantity of nonessential amino acids that can be converted to glucose Total amino acids per gram of food Nonessential amino acid balance Essential amino acid balance |
Essential amino acid balance |
|
Methionine, histidine, and tryptophan are examples of |
essential amino acids |
|
Which of the following animal-derived proteins is classified as a poor-quality protein? gelatin fish turkey cheese |
gelatin |
|
Approximately how many grams of protein are found in one quart of milk? |
32 |
|
what are precursors of urea synthesis? |
All amino acids
|
|
what describes an association between protein intake and kidney function? |
High protein intakes over the long term represent a risk factor for kidney disease
|
|
what is characteristic of protein nutrition in vegetarians? |
Most vegetarians eating a variety of foods need not balance essential amino acid intake at each meal |
|
Dietary restriction of phenylalanine combined with adequate tyrosine is the usual treatment for people born with the disorder |
PKU |
|
What term refers to specific synthesis reactions in which simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules? |
anabolic |
|
A feature of anabolic reactions is that they |
involve consumption of energy
|
|
Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?
Palmitic acid formation from acetate Pyruvate formation from glucose Glucose formation from glycerol Albumin formation from amino acids pyruvate formation from glucose |
Pyruvate formation from glucose
|
|
The hydrolysis of ATP that often occurs simultaneously with the synthesis of many compounds is an example of |
coupled reactions
|
|
what CANNOT be formed from pyruvate in human beings? |
Linoleic acid
|
|
what is a feature of aerobic metabolism? |
electron transport phase produces the most ATPs |
|
Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of |
acetyl CoA
|
|
cycles converts lactate to glucose and occurs in liver cells |
Cori cycle
|
|
Where do the TCA cycle reactions take place? |
Matrix (Inner compartment) of the mitochondria
|
|
When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecules is |
stored as glycogen and fat |
|
If a normal person expends 1200 kcalories while at rest, approximately how many are used by the brain? |
300 |
|
What organ is the major site for gluconeogenesis?? |
liver |
|
what is a feature of low-carbohydrate diets? |
Overall body fat losses are about the same as with other diets
|
|
How many acetyl CoA molecules may be obtained from oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid? |
9 |
|
what classified as a ketone body? |
Acetoacetate
|
|
what is a nitrogenous waste product due to the oxidation of amino acids in the diet? |
urea |
|
what dietary components CANNOT be used to synthesize and store glycogen? |
animal fats |
|
what accounts for the higher energy density of a fatty acid compared with the other energy-yielding nutrients? |
Fatty acids have a greater percentage of hydrogen-carbon bonds
|
|
All of the following are features of the metabolism of surplus dietary carbohydrate in human beings EXCEPT excess glucose is first used to fill glycogen reserves. conversion of excess glucose to fat occurs only to a very limited extent excess glucose is oxidized only very slowly. excess glucose suppresses fat oxidation.
|
excess glucose is oxidized only very slowly.
|
|
what is NOT a product from the electron transport chain pathway? |
urea |
|
What type of diet is associated with the development of ketosis? |
Low carbohydrate |
|
what is NOT among the functions of the liver? |
Production of red blood cells
|
|
In the adult body, food energy not stored as fat or glycogen is lost as |
heat |
|
The metabolism of alcohol begins in the |
stomach |
|
what is the most likely explanation for the body’s higher metabolic efficiency of converting a molecule of corn oil into stored fat compared with a molecule of sucrose? |
There are fewer metabolic reactions for disassembling the corn oil and re-assembling the parts into a triglyceride for uptake by the fat cells |
|
What is the name of the enzyme which breaks down ethanol to acetaldehyde? |
alcohol dehydrogenase
|
|
What is the sequence of stages that brings about advanced liver disease caused by chronic alcohol toxicity? |
Fat accumulation, fibrosis, cirrhosis
|
|
With alcoholic beverages, the ratio of proof to alcohol percentage is |
2:1 |
|
Approximately how many kcal are contained in 3 ounces of 80-proof rum? Hint 1.5oz, (1 shot) of 80-proof contains 14g of alcohol |
200 |
|
Approximately |
129 |
|
What would be the approximate weight loss of a person who consumes 500 kcalories less daily for one week? |
1 lbs |
|
All of the following are characteristics of neuropeptide Y EXCEPT
it stimulates appetite it is synthesized in the brain it increases carbohydrate cravings it reduces fat storage |
it reduces fat storage
|
|
Which of the following hormones is most responsible for signaling satiety as well as reducing food intake during a meal?
Pepsin Neuropeptide Y Cholecystokinin Gastrin |
cholecystokinin
|
|
Which of the following is not a GI hormone that regulates food intake?CCK
insulin Enterostatin Ghrelin Amylin |
insulin
|
|
About how long does it take for a meal to be completely eliminated from the stomach? |
4 hours |
|
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of satiety or satiation?
Satiation signals the cessation of eating Satiety but not hunger may be overridden by stress Satiation develops as food enters the GI tract Satiety suppresses hunger |
satiety but not hunger may be overridden by stress
|
|
What is the approximate daily basal metabolism of a 110-pound woman? Hint: use using quick formula? |
1100 kcal |
|
Which of the following factors has the most influence on the body’s metabolic rate?
Amount of lean body tissue Gender Age Amount of fat tissue |
amount of lean body tissue
|
|
Which of the following are all used to compute a woman’s BMR?
Body weight, height, and age Physical activity level, body weight, and height Energy intake, physical activity level, and body weight Body fat, height, and age |
body weight, height, and age
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Which of the following is a feature of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Females have a higher BMR than males on a body weight basis Fasting increases the BMR Fever decreases the BMR Pregnancy increases the BMR |
pregnancy increases the BMR
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What is the main explanation for the difference in basal metabolic rates between males and females of the same body weight? |
Males have a higher percentage of lean body mass |
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What is the approximate body mass index of a woman who is 5’7” and 165 lbs.? |
26 |
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The thermic effect of food is proportional to the food energy taken in and is usually estimated at _______ of energy intake. |
10% |
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_____ is second only to _____ in causing premature deaths |
obesity; tobacco |
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Which of the following is a consequence of losing excess body weight?
It increases insulin resistance It raises the number of immune cells in adipose tissue It reverses atherosclerosis It lowers HDL-cholesterol |
it reverses atherosclerosis
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All of the following are typical characteristics of amenorrhea EXCEPT
low blood estrogen bone mineral loss infertility muscle dysmorphia |
muscle dysmorphia
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The major cause of insulin resistance is related to |
excess body weight |
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Each of the following is an association between type 2 diabetes and body fat except
a woman who has gained 12 pounds since age 18 has doubled her risk of developing the disease an obese person is 3 times more likely to develop the disease than is a non-obese individual overweight people with the disease who lose weight show no improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance people with the disease often have central obesity rather than lower-body obesity |
overweight people with the disease who lose weight show no improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of metabolic syndrome?
Low blood glucose High blood triglycerides Elevated blood pressure Low HDL cholesterol low blood pressure |
low blood pressure
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Jim is a 45 year old who eats fast food at least 3 times a week and smokes a pack of cigarettes each day. He just had a physical examination and was told that his body mass index is 24. In what category would Jim’s BMI be classified? |
healthy weight |
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A person who weighs 178lbs. and is 5’7” is considered |
overweight |
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A high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumference begins to exceed |
35 |
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For every decade beyond the age of 30, what is the percentage decrease in the need for total kcalories? |
5 |
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If a normal 30-year-old woman has a daily energy expenditure of 2000 kcalories, what would be her expected output when she reaches 60 years of age? |
1714 |
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A person who exhibits a physiological need to eat is most likely experiencing the sensation of |
hunger |
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What fraction of the day’s energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism? |
About 2/3 |
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If a 25 year old female has a basal metabolic rate 1380 what is her approximate energy expenditure (EER)
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2070 |
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What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight women? |
23-34% |
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What is the primary factor that differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge eating? |
Purging is rarely practiced in binge-eating disorder |
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Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of anorexia nervosa?
It has one of the highest mortality rates among psychiatric disorders Only one-half of women who are treated can maintain body weight at a near healthy level In those who recover, energy intakes return to normal Treatment with prescription drugs plays only a limited role |
in those who recover, energy intakes return to normal
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