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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
hindbrain
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includes cerebellum, medulla, and pons
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cerebellum
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hindbrain; "little brain"; located at back surface of brainstem; involved in coordination of movement; balance; helps execute commands
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medulla
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hindbrain; attaches to spinal cord; controls largely unconscious but vital functions like breathing
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pons
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hindbrain; bridge; a bridge of fibers that connects the brainstem with the cerebellum; involved in sleep and arousal
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brainstem
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a stem from which the rest of the brain flowers; contiguous with spinal cord
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midbrain
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the segment of the brainstem that lies between the hindbrain and the forebrain; contains an area that in concerned with sensory processes
visual information= superior colliculi auditory information= inferior colliculi DA neurons: substantia nigra reticular formation |
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reticular formation
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lies at the center core of the brainstem; *regulates sleep and wakefulness; contributes to the modulation of muscle reflexes, breathing, and pain perception
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forebrain
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largest and most complex region of the brain,
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thalamus
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forebrain; way station; all sensory information except smell must pass through to get to the cerebral cortex; clusters of somas
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hypothalamus
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forebrain; involved in the regulation of basic biological needs; the four F's (fighting, fleeing, feeding, mating)
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limbic system
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loosely connected network of structures located roughly along the border between the cerebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas; the seat of emotion
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hippocampus
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part of limbic system involved in learning and memory
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amygdala
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part of limbic system involved in emotion and aggression; helps sense threats
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cerebrum
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forebrain; largest and most complex part of the human brain; responsible for highest mental processes and most complex activities; responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, voluntary movement; divided into two hemispheres
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cerebral cortex
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convoluted outer layer of the cerebrum; folded and bent; gray matter vs. white matter;
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corpus callosum
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major structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres; cut in split-brain surgery to reduce the severity of serious epileptic seizures
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occipital lobe
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at the back of the head; deals with vision; includes primary visual cortex
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primary visual cortex
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part of occipital lobe that registers the sense of vision
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parietal lobe
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forward of occipital lobe; deals with the sense of touch; contain primary somatosensory cortex
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primary somatosensory cortex
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part of parietal lobe that registers the sense of touch
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temporal lobe
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near the temples; deals with the tense of auditory processing; contains the primary auditory cortex
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primary auditory cortex
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the part of the temporal lobe that is devoted to auditory processing
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frontal lobe
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largest lobe in the human brain, contains the principal areas that control the movement of muscles, the primary motor cortex;
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primary motor cortex
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the part of the frontal lobe that control the movement of muscles
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mirror neurons
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neurons that are activated by performing an action or by seeing another monkey or person performing the same action
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prefrontal cortex
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the portino of the frontal lobe to the front of the motor cortex; something of a mystery; contributes to decision making and may house some sort of executive control system
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sulcus/ sulci
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a groove
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gyri
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bump or ridge of brain
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fissure
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a very deep groove in the brain
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left hemisphere of brain
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invovled with language and verbal tasks
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right hemisphere of brain
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better at discriminating colors, arranging blocks, and recognizing faces (visual spatial tasks)
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pituary gland
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releases hormones that fan out within the body, stimulating actions; master gland of endocrine system
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