Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
controls vision
|
occiptal lobe
visual cortex |
|
recieves incoming messages from ears
|
temperal lobe
auditory cortex |
|
recieves incoming messages from skin senses and from movement of body parts
|
parietal lobe
sensory cortex |
|
what makes individual parts of the body move?
|
frontal lobes
|
|
right side controls left
left side controls right |
frontal lobes
|
|
a sheet of 1/8 inch thick cells that covers the brain.
|
cerebral cortex
|
|
job is to provide nutrients and insulating neurons. Very wrinkled -–lower animals are smoother as are human babies.
|
glial cells
|
|
upper part of the brain
|
corpus collasum
|
|
whole top of the brain
|
cerebrum
|
|
important in controlling bodily maintence functions
|
hypothalumus
|
|
• Involved in motives and emotions such as eating,
drinking, sexual motivation, anger, fear and pleasure. • Also key role in regulating body temperature, sleep, pace and rhythm of blood pressure and heartbeat. Even when babies are born in july their hypothalamus is not active yet so they are still cold. • Controls pituitary gland. • Can also trigger autonomic nervous system activity. • Site of “pleasure centers”. |
hypothalumus
|
|
two almond shaped clusters in limbic
system. |
Amygdala
|
|
Role in emotions such as rage and fear and the
perception of these emotions in others. |
amygdala
|
|
recently shown to be important in.
memory and dreaming. If destroyed, have difficulty laying down new facts. |
hippocampus
|
|
where spinal cord enters the skull. Sever it you are dead
|
brainstem
|
|
up from brainstem, slightly swollen part of brain stem
a) controls for your heartbeat and breathing and b) crossover point for nerves where most nerves to and from each side of the brain connect with the body’s opposite side. |
medulla
|
|
Inside brainstem finger-shaped network of neurons that extends upward to thalamus.
a) Serves as a filter for information coming in from spinal cord. Some routed to thalamus (sensory info) and other info to other parts of the brain (smell is not). b) also controls arousal (to be awake). |
reticular formation
|
|
egg-shaped. Sensory relay station for all senses EXCEPT smell. Receives sensory input from eyes, ears, tongue and skin and routes to other areas of the brain. If something happens to this you will loose all of your senses except for smell
|
thalamus
|
|
to rear of the brainstem. Coordinates voluntary movement. Uses feedback from the body to coordinate movements such as walking and keeping your balance
|
cerebellum
|
|
1) The electroencephalogram (EEG).
2) Computed Tomograph – CT scan 3) Positron Emission Tomogram Scan or PET scan. 4) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) also another brain imaging technique. |
how the brain is studied
|
|
communication system which is made up of glands. These glands secrete hormones that influence our behavior. Tissues in the glands produce these hormones which are then secreted through the blood to other tissues. Works in tandem with Nervous system, although much slower than Nervous System.
|
endocrine system
|
|
Influence interest in sex, food, aggression, regulating metabolism and growth.
|
endocrine system
|
|
Much larger than two organs, but consists of the neural system outside of the brain and spinal cord. Also contains many neurons
In general this system contains many neurons that serve as pathways that transmit sensations and motor commands (generally to the CNS). |
peripheal nervous system
|
|
regulates internal environment.
|
autonomic segment on PNS
|
|
involuntary – occurs without little awareness or control. Also thought to be involved in emotional responses and motivation
|
autonomic
|
|
dominates in emergencies and stressful situations. It responds by increasing blood-sugar level, heart rate and blood pressure and slowing digestion. Physiological changes like these promote fast, strong reactions, such as fighting or fleeing.
|
sympathetic nervous system
|
|
opposite effect as the sympathetic system. Dominates in related situations, and its responses tend to conserve energy. E.g., after large meal, the parasympathetic NS decreases heart rate and slows flow of blood to skeletal muscles, while it enhances digestion.
|
parasympathetic nervous system
|
|
Most neurons in the body are in the
|
central nervous system
|
|
This is part of the nervous system that is primarily responsible for transmission and storage of information.
|
CNS
|
|
controls all human behavior from the blink of an eye to the solution of a complex problem in logic.
|
CNS
|
|
which serves as the major coordinator of communication.
|
the brain
|
|
– a long cable of communication neurons. The spinal cord is covered with a protective membrane and bathed in spinal fluid. Information from skin and muscles comes into the brain via the spinal chord and motor commands go back out via the spinal cord.
|
the spinal cord
|
|
The environment around the spinal cord consists of clumps of neurons functioning as units—networks. The neurons transmit info to the brain and back out. Surrounding the neurons are glia cells which are smaller than neurons. They supply nutrients to the neurons and insulate them from one another.
|
*****
|
|
CNS AND PNS
|
nervous system
|
|
sends instructions out to the body’s tissue via ..
|
motor neurons
|
|
in between the sensory input and motor output, information processing takes place in CNS’s internal communication system
|
inter neurons
|
|
carry messages from the body’s tissues and sensory organs inward to the brain and spinal cord for processing
|
sensory neurons
|
|
natural, opiatlike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
|
endorphines
|
|
affects mood, hunger, sleep , and arousal
|
seratonin
|
|
enables muscle action, learning, and memory
|
acetycholine
|
|
• Neurons are working all of the time all over our nervous system. Fire when threshold has been met = described as all or none.
|
****
|
|
1) Each neuron is essentially a tiny battery that has a small charge. In it’s resting state, the neuron has a slightly negative charge in it’s interior (near cell body) and positive charge on the outside. Called resting potential.
2) When dendrites of the neuron are stimulated (through chemical messenger called NEUROTRANSMITTERS), it starts a set of ELECTRICAL reactions ultimately ending up in the AXON terminals. This is the Action Potential. 3) When an electrical impulse comes down the axon from the cell body, substances in the axon terminal, which are called neurotransmitters are squirted out. The neurotransmitters are stored in sacs in the terminal branches of the axon. 4) These Neurotransmitters flow across the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft and are taken up through openings in the receiving neuron (dendrites of receiving neuron). |
*****
|
|
how neurons function
|
action potential
|
|
• Neurons fire an impulse when simulated by pressure, heat, light or chemical messages. An impulse OR ACTION POTENTIAL is a brief electrical charge traveling down the neuron.
• Specifically, this impressive structure transmits signals that translate into behavior through CHEMICAL and ELECTRICAL events. |
****
|
|
are tiny gaps or clefts between neurons
|
synapses
|
|
is manufactured for neurons by glial cells (glue),
consists of a fatty, whitish substance that surrounds and insulates the axons of many neurons. |
myelin sheath
|
|
is a long fiber that leads away from the cell body
|
the axon
|
|
many short fibers that branch from cell body.
|
dendrites
|