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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Direct proportion |
Two or more quantities increase or decrease on the same ratio |
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Common rafter |
Extends perpendicular from ridge to cap plate |
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Rafter run |
Centre of ridge to outside of outside wall |
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Rafter span |
Face of support to face of support |
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Rafter line length |
Sloped length from the centre of the ridge to the outside edge of the wall |
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Rafter tail line length |
Length of the overhang or projection |
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Total rafter line length |
Total length of the rafter run and the overhang run |
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Shortenings |
Measured from the working point at the center of the ridge to the outside of the fascia |
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Perpendicular shortenings |
Must be measured at 90 degrees to the working plumb line |
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Diagonal shortenings |
Shootings are always done at a diagonal to other framing members |
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Full diagonal shortenings |
All Hip or valley rafter outside the exterior walls will be full diagonal thickness |
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Half diagonal |
All hip or valley shortening within the boundaries of the exterior wall |
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Dropped/ backed rafter |
Hip rafter drops so it can sit lower in relation to the common rafter. |
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Gable stud |
Placed directly under the stud, Framed triangular shaped walls at a table roof |
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Notched gable stud |
Notches cut into the top of gable look outs |
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Dropped gable |
Lowered so gable lookouts can run over it |
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Lookouts |
Support the rake rafter. Project in as far as they project out. Spaced to provide the edge support for the roof sheathing |
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Ladder systems |
Lookouts placed on edge rested on top of a dropped gable rafter, short gable end wall frames underneath them. |
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Barge/ fly / verge rafter |
Also known as rake rafter |
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Ridge board/ridge beam |
Maintains rafter spacing, provides roof sheathing at ridge |
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Collar tie |
Horizontal members nailed to the sides of opposing pairs of rafters. Placed upper third of total rise of roof |
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Seat cut extension |
Extends out to end of the rafter |
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Theoretical measuring line |
Runs parallel to the end of the rafter. Intersect the corner of birds mouth and up to the working point at the ridge. |
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Common difference |
1- hip Jack's become shorter by a consistent amount. 2- centre table stud working outside wall becomes shorter |
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Hip rafter |
Runs diagonally 45 degrees from outside corner of the building to the ridge. Hip roof requires four hip rafters |
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Pin rafter / end common |
Runs 90 degrees connecting the plate and the ridge |
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45 degree rule |
Only used for hip and valley rafters |
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Gable end overhang framing |
Overhang is required at either end, special framing must be used to allow the roof to project past walls. Lookout rafters are used |
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Short walls built around perimeter |
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Lean-to roofs or flat roof |
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Gable roof |
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Hip roof. 45 degree angle to the wall and ridge |
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Intersecting roof, 90 degree angle. Valley is created |
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Gambrel roof. Also called barn roof Four sloping surfaces, two sets rafters |
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Mansard roof, 8 sloping surfaces. 8 hip rafters |
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Dutch hip roof. Combination of hip and gable roof |
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Butterfly roof Inverted gable roof |
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Monitor roof Combination of gable and shed roof. Commerical or agricultural building |
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Dormers Shed and gable dormers |
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Intersecting roof |
Two or more roofs joined together |
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Supporting valley |
Extends from the major roof ridge to the corner of the building intersection Same line length as the hip |
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Supported valley |
Extends from the supporting valley rafter to the corner of the building intersection. Parallel to the minor hip rafter. Same horizontal run as the minor hip, same line length |
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Valley jack |
Runs 90 degrees to the ridge, extends from either major or minor ridge down to the valley. Identical to the common rafter. |
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Valley jack on minor roof |
Equal to its distance form the intersection of the supporting and supported valley rafter |
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Longest Valley jack on major roof |
Find its distance from the corner at which the walls intersect. |
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Valley cripple jack |
Runs from valley to valley. Extend from the supporting valley to the supported valley. Shortenings half the diagonal thickness of the valley rafter. Opposite cheek cuts |
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Hip-valley cripple jack |
Runs from hip to supporting valley. Does not touch ridge or wall plate. Can be seen as the middle section of a common rafter. Equal to the offset of the minor roof |
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Intersecting roof lines major Gable |
Minor gable |
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Major intersecting roof lines Gable |
Minor hip |
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Major intersecting roof lines Hip |
Minor intersecting roof lines Gable |
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Major intersecting roof lines Hip |
Minor intersecting roof lines Hip |
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What's the layout of the upper end of valley jack rafter |
Half the thickness of the ridge |
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Layout of the lower end of the valley jack rafter |
Meets valley at 45 degree and a single cheek cut |