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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Endocrine System relies on ________ that travel through the ___________ to get to distant ______ _____. The goal is to maintain ___________. |
Hormones ; Bloodstream ; Target Cells ; Homeostasis |
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small chemicals secreted by endocrine glands and released into the bloodstream; can be made from Amino Acids, Peptides, or Lipids |
Hormones |
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Thyroid Hormones Catecholamines Melatonin |
Hormones Made From Amino Acids |
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Epinepherine Norepinephrine Dopamine |
Catecholamines - Hormones Made From Amino Acids |
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Oxytocin Insulin Growth Hormone (GH) Prolactin Pituitary Hormones (TSH,LH,FSH) |
Hormones Made From Peptides |
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Eicosanoids (Leukotrines,Prostaglandins) Steroid Hormones |
Hormones Made From Lipids |
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Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone Calcitriol |
Steroid Hormones - Hormones Made From Lipids |
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Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Parathyroid Glands Thyroid Gland Adrenal Glands Pancreas/Pancreatic Islets |
Primary Organs of The Endocrine System |
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Heart Thymus Digestive Tract Kidneys Gonads |
Secondary Organs of The Endocrine System |
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"Hormones affect target cells after binding to _________ in the ______ ________, cytoplasm, or nucleus" |
Receptors ; Plasma Membrane |
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(Plasma) Membrane-Bound Receptors |
G Protein Coupled Receptors |
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Hormone (First Messenger) Activates a (R) Receptor ---> (R) Receptor - on Plasma Membrane - Activates the (G) G Protein ---> (G) G Protein Increases the Production of ATP ---> Increased Production of cAMP or Ca2+ (Second Messengers) |
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proteins that bind the hormone once the hormone comes inside the cell; many are Transcription Factors that travel to the nucleus to make RNA for specific genes |
Intracellular Receptors - Intracellular Second Messengers - Ex. Steroid Hormone and Thyroid Hormone |
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Endocrine Glands work together, but they are directed by the ____________. |
Hypothalamus |
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"Hypothalamic neurons synthesize antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OXT)"... |
...and releases them into the bloodstream via the Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland |
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"Hypothalamus cells secrete __________ ________" into the bloodstream via the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland |
Regulatory Hormones |
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"Autonomic Centers within the Hypothalamus Secrete ___________ and ______________" from the Adrenal Gland |
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
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network of vessels that go directly to anterior pituitary; focused on target cells |
Hypophyseal Portal System |
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secretes hormones directed by the hypothalamus |
Pituitary Gland |
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hormone that responds to a decrease in blood/volume pressure; causes kidney to retain/hold water and decrease urination (to increase blood/volume pressure); responds to increased blood/solute concentration |
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
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hormone that stimulates uterine contractions/induces labor and stimulates milk ejection |
Oxytocin (OXT) Hormone |
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hypothalamic hormone that stimulates TSH/Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, a pituitary hormone |
TRH (Thyroid Releasing Hormone )
releases thyroid hormone from the thyroid |
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hypothalamic hormone that stimulates ACTH/Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, a pituitary hormone |
Corticotropinreleasing Hormone
releases steroid hormones to regulate blood |
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hypothalamic hormone that stimulates Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), pituitary hormones |
Gonadotropinreleasing Hormone (GnRH)
targets in maturation from the Gonads (Ovaries and Testes) |
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hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the Growth Hormone (GH) |
GHRH and GHIH
targets in growth; affects many areas of the body |
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hypothalamic hormone that inhibits Prolactin (PRL) |
Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)
targets the mammary gland; decreases milk secretion |
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TSH ACTH FSH and LH |
Hormones that operate on Negative Feedback Systems |
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endocrine gland that increases oxygen and energy consumption, which increases heartrate; produces calcitonin to decrease calcium levels |
Thyroid Gland |
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endocrine glands located behind the thyroid gland; has Chief Cells that make Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) important for calcium; responds to low calcium levels/produces or increases calcium absorption; absorbs calcium from kidneys and intestinal tract and releases calcium from bone |
Parathyroid Glands |
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the medulla of these glands secretes Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
the cortex of these glands secretes corticosteroid hormones |
Adrenal Glands
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term that means "middle" |
Medulla |
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term that means "outer layer" |
Cortex
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outer layer of the Adrenal Cortex, which contains the hormones mineralocorticoids (like Aldosterone that targets the Kidneys) |
Zona Glomerulosa |
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middle layer of the Adrenal Cortex, which contains the hormones glucocorticoids (like Cortisol that targets most cells) |
Zona Fasciculata |
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inner layer of the Adrenal Cortex, which contains Androgen hormones made during puberty |
Zona Reticularis |
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99% exocrine
1% endocrine |
Pancreas |
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In the pancreas, Endocrine Cells are found in the __________ ______. |
Pancreatic Islets |
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cells of the Pancreas that make glucagon |
Alpha Cells |
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cells of the Pancreas that make insulin |
Beta Cells |
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increases blood/glucose levels |
Glucagon
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decreases blood/glucose levels |
Insulin |
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endocrine gland that secretes melatonin |
Pineal Gland |