Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
canine vertebral formula
|
C-7, T-13, L-7, S-3, Cd-20
|
|
Body of vertebrae
|
solid cylinder of bone and is located ventral to the canal for the spinal cord
|
|
Vertebral arch
|
forms the lateral and dorsal boundaries of the vertebral foramen.
|
|
vertebral foramen
|
largest opening inside each vertebral canal, collectively all the vertebral foramina form the vertebral canal, which contains the spinal cord
|
|
pedicles
|
lateral protions of the arch
|
|
laminae
|
dorsal portions of the vertebral arch
|
|
Caudal and cranial vertebral notches
|
indentadions on the caudal and cranial borders of the pedicles
|
|
intervertebral foramina
|
vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae, openings through which the spinal nerves pass
|
|
transverse processes
|
paired projections on the lateral, ventral side of each vertebrae
|
|
cranial and caudal articular processes
|
articular processes that arise from the laminae and extend cranially or caudally
|
|
atlas
|
first cervical vertebrae, has no body or spinous processes, and articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull and the axis
|
|
atlantooccipital joint
|
the cranial articular foveae of the atlas articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull
capable of flexion and extension or "yes" movement |
|
atlantoaxial joint
|
point at which the caudal articular foveae of the atlas articulate with the axis. Allows for primarily rotational movement or "no" movement
|
|
axis
|
second cervical vertebrae, very atypical
|
|
transverse foramina of the atlas
|
small openings on the caudal portion of the dorsal surfae of the wings of the atlas and extend to the ventral surface
|
|
lateral vertebral formamina of the atlas
|
located on the lateral surface of the dorsal arch and open into the vertebral canal
|
|
alar notch
|
notch in the cranial border of the wing of the atlas where it joins the dorsal and ventral arches
|
|
dens
|
a long pointed prominence extending from the body of the axis where it articulates with the atlas
|
|
transverse foramina of the axis
|
pass through the base of the transverse processes
|
|
what's special about C-6
|
the trnasverse processes of C-6 are expanded ventrally and have a characteristic "sled runner" appearance
|
|
important characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae
|
well developed spinous processes. They get progressivly taller from T-1 to T-7 and then get progressivly shorter
|
|
anticlinal vertebra.
|
The thoracic vert. that's spinous process is closest to vertical--usually T-11
|
|
Cranial and Caudal costal foveae of the thoracic vertebrae
|
the caudal and cranial costal foveae of adjacent vertebrae together form the facet which articulates with the head of a rib
|
|
where to the tbercles fo the ribs articulate
|
witha facet on the transverse process of the vertebra bearing the same number
|
|
Accessory processes
|
the slender, caudally directed processes from the pedicles fo the bertebrae fro the mid-thoracic to mid-lumbar regions
|
|
characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae
|
well developed ransverse processes. spinous processes are wide and usually taller than the most caudal thoracic vert.
|
|
sacrum
|
the bone formed by the fusion of the 3 sacral vertebrae
|
|
median sacral crest
|
three rudimentary spinous processes fused togethe on the dorsal surface of the sacrum
|
|
promontory
|
the cranial ridge on the ventral surface of the sacrum
|
|
pelvic sacral foramina
|
4 openings on the ventral surface
|
|
sacroiliac joint
|
where the craniolateral rotion of the sacrum articulates with the wings of the ilia of the pelvis
|
|
caudal vertebrae
|
vary in number, the further caudally each vertebrae is the less developed it's processes are
|
|
head of the rib
|
the proximal extremity that articulates with the costal articular foveae of the corresponding vertebrae ( in the cranial thoracic region the vertebra cranial to it as well)
|
|
tubercle of the rib
|
articulates with the facet on the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra
|
|
neck of the rib
|
where the head and tubercle are connected
|
|
articulations of the rib to the sternum
|
the cranial nine ribs articulate directly with the sternum, the next three ribs join ventrally to form the costal arch, the 13th rib is a floating rib
|
|
intervertebral discs
|
composed of an outer layer of collagenous fibers, the annulus fibrosus and an inner semiliquid necleus pulposis. these disks separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
|
|
all joints of the vertebrae and the ribs are
|
synovial joints, and are thus surrounded by a joint capsule
|
|
suproaspinous ligament
|
a band of conncetive tissue which lies forsal to the spinous processes of the thoracic, lumber, sacral and first 3 caudal vertebrae
|
|
interspinous ligaments
|
lie between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae in the same regions
|
|
nuchal ligament
|
composed of elastic connective tissue and runs from the suproaspinous ligament on the spinous process of the first thoracic vertebra to the axis. it helps support the head
|
|
yellow ligaments
|
run between the vertebral arches of adjacent vertebrae
|
|
dorsal longitudinal ligament
|
lies dorsal to the vertebral body on the floor of the vertebral canal, extends as far cranially as the axis
|
|
ventral longitudinal ligament
|
lies ventral to the vertebral bodies, and runs from the sacrum to the axis
|
|
intercapital ligaments
|
run across the intervertebral discs between the heads of the first eleven pairs of ribs they lie dorsal to the intervertebral disc and ventral to the dorsal longitudinal ligament
|
|
transverse ligament of the atlas
|
ligament that anchors the dens of the atlas in the fovea dentis of the atlas
|
|
dorsal atlantoaxial ligament
|
connects the dorsal aspects fo the atlas and the axis. No discs are present with the atlantooccipital joint or the atlanoaxial joint
|