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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
wood, mud, and stone
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first natural building materials |
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1833
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Augustine Taylor developed lighter method of wood construction. replaced heavy timber with series of closely placed thin wood studs. balloon framing |
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wood
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hard fibrous substance lying beneath the bark of trees (handiest and most accommodating of all construction materials) |
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lumber
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wood that has been sawn into construction members |
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timber |
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wood classified (2)
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1. softwood - pine, fir, and spruce (evergreens) 2. hardwood - maple, oak, and sycamore (deciduous) |
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softwood
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used structurally in general construction for framing, sheathing, bracing, etc. |
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hardwood
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used for flooring, paneling, interior trim and furniture |
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wood characteristics |
consists of approximately 70% cellulose and 18-28% lignin, which is the adhesive imparting strength to the wood |
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strength |
stronger in compression than tension. much stronger when the load is applied parallel to the grain than perpendicular. |
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shear
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strong perpendicular to the grain and weak parallel to the grain |
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green
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wood in the living tree, it contains a large amount of water. |
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seasoned
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1. air drying - takes several months and leaves 10-20% moisture in the lumber 2. kiln drying - only a few days and leaves less than 10% moisture (considered seasoned if moisture content is 19% or less) |
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fiber saturation point
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30% |
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softwood grades
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factory and shop lumber - remanufacture into sash and doors three lumber size classifications 1. boards 2. dimensions 3.timbers |
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boards
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select - good appearance, graded A - D common - more blemishes, classified into 5 grades of descending quality from 1 - 5 |
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dimension lumber and timbers
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dimension lumber - joists and planks, light framing, and decking timbers - beams and stringers, posts and timbers |
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plywood
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generally odd number of plies (3, 5, or 7) |
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plywood classification
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- softwood or hardwood. softwood primarily for construction |
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plywood graded
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for exterior plywood the inner plies must be grade C or better, while interior plywood may have D grade inner plies |
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plywood decorative applications
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hardwood plywood. paneling, cabinet work, face veneers on doors |
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hardboard
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two categories 1. basic 2. prefinished three types 1. tempered 2. standard 3. service |
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prefinished hardboard
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variety of patterns, textures, and finishes. exterior siding, soffits, interior walls, ceilings, cabinet work, pegboards, and acoustical treatment |
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fiberboard |
roof insulation and laminated fiberboard decking 2'x4' |
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flakeboard
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large wood flakes bonded together with resins under pressure. light weight and good insulation and acoustical. main se insulating backup material or as acoustical material on upper walls or ceilings |
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particleboard
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dry-formed of wood particles bonded together with resin. used as core stock for plastic laminate or hardwood veneers. used in manufacture of furniture, cabinets, countertops, wall paneling, and doors |
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beadboard
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insulating board consisting of a core of small expanded polystyrene beads with heavy paper laminated to both sides. example perimeter insulation of foundation walls |
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glulam
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three appearance grades 1. industrial 2. architectural 3. premium |
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glulam specifying
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two most common joints 1. scarf joints 2. finger joints |
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laminated decking
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layers of kiln-dried lumber that are bonded with adhesives. 3" - 5" nominal thickness and in various standard lengths. interior surface intended to be exposed.
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wood trusses (4)
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two wood wall framing systems commonly used for small dwellings
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2. balloon framing - wall studs are continuous for full height of the building, usually two stories |
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nails
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2. box nails - thinner than common nails, consequently have less holding power 3. finish nails - thin nails with small heads used to attached finish wood elements |
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wood joints
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wood trim
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fabricated from the better grades of both softwood and hardwood
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types of warpage (4)
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2. crook 3. cup 4. twist |
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plywood construction
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softwood (hardwood play is more expensive than softwood ply) |
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millwork
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hop fabricated items, door and window frames, stairways, paneling, etc. fabricated in a mill and delivered to the job ready for installation |
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Cut lumber two different ways
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2. Radially to the rings: quartersawed - hardwood, edge-grained or vertical-grained - softwood |
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quartersawed
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(three different cuts, 1. Alternate, 2. Common, 3. radial) 1. Relatively even grain pattern 2. Wears evenly with less warpage 4. More waste in cutting and therefore more costly |
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plainsawed |
1. Distinct grain pattern 2. May twist, cup and wear unevenly 3. Tends to have raised grain 4. Shrinks and swells more in width, less in thickness 5. Less waste in cutting, and therefore less expensive |
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Natural defects
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2. Peck 3. Pitch pocket - pitted area 4. Shake - lengthwise grain separation |
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manufacturing defects |
2. Check - lengthwise grain separation caused by seasoning 3. Split 4. warp |