2Nd Class Fireman, High Pressure Boilers, Chapter 8, Notecards

A measurement of the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit

- The process where a material can self-generate heat until it’s ignition point is reached.

- bituminous coal needs to be closely monitored to avoid this from happening.

- The trash or garbage from residential and commercial users that is collected for disposal.

- can be incinerated to produce electricity.

- a furnace for this alternative fuel is typically designed to cofire with coal or fuel oil to ensure a steady flame.

- Air supplied to the boiler that is more than the theoretical amount of air needed for combustion.

- a minimum amount of this is always used in burners.

- reducing this reduces heat lost to the atmosphere through the stack.

The lowest temperature at which the vapor of the fuel oil ignites when exposed to an open flame

An analysis used to determine the amount of moisture, volatile gas, fixed carbon, and ash in a coal specimen

- The air supplied to a burner to atomize fuel oil or convey pulverized coal and control the rate of combustion, thus determining the amount of fuel that can be burned.

A liquid fossil fuel that consists primarily of hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon) that is produced by distilling crude oil in a refinery

- A geologically old coal that contains a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter

- the coal commonly used for boiler fuel along with one other.

- A geologically young coal that contains a low percentage of fixed carbon and a very high percentage of volatile gas and moisture.

- used almost exclusively as fuel for electric power generation.

- rarely used in smaller boilers.

- The ratio of the weight of a given volume of a substance to the weight of the same volume of water at a standard temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

- less than a value of one means the substance (fuel) is less dense than water.

The gas given off when coal burns

The rapid reaction of oxygen with a fuel that results in the release of heat

- The measurement of the internal resistance of a fluid to flow.

- indicates how well or poorly the oil will flow during pumping and atomization.

- reduced by increasing temperature.

A unit used to measure the heat content of natural gas and is equal to 100,000 BTU

The hardness of the coal

- A geologically young coal that contains a low percentage of fixed carbon and a high percentage of volatile gas.

- the coal commonly used for boiler fuel along with one other.

- Gas collected from a landfill that is made up of mainly methane gas and carbon dioxide with varying amounts of miscellaneous gases.

Combustion that occurs when all the fuel is not burned, resulting in the formation of soot and smoke

The size, heating value, and ash content of the coal

A device used to extract volatile gases from a solid fuel by heating the fuel in the absence of oxygen

A value used by the American Petroleum Institute (API) to describe the density of fuel oil

The air supplied to the furnace by draft fans to control combustion efficiency by controlling how completely the fuel is burned

A solid black fossil fuel formed when organic material is hardened in the earth over millions of years

A biological material used as a renewable energy fuel

- An acronym that stands for “mixture, atomization, temperature, and time.”

- must be optimized to achieve complete combustion.

The general term for the path used by the gases of combustion as they flow from the point of combustion to the point where they are released to the atmosphere

A furnace that mixes burnable material, such as biomass, with a fossil fuel for combustion

- Gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.

- produced by breaking down organic material such as manure, sewage, municipal waste, plant material, and dedicated energy crops such as grass and corn in an anaerobic digester.

- primarily methane gas.

- can be used in boilers, hot water heaters, reciprocating engines, turbines, and fuel cells.

- used mostly by wastewater treatment plants.

- A colorless and odorless combustible gas that consists mainly of methane with small quantities of ethylene, hydrogen, and other gases.

- Combustion that occurs when all the fuel is burned using a minimum amount of excess air.

- the fuel is burned at the highest combustion efficiency with minimum pollution.

- This is what you want to achieve as a boiler operator.

The lowest temperature at which a liquid will flow from one container to another

An analysis used to determine the elements present in a coal specimen

The lowest temperature to which fuel must be heated to burn continuously when exposed to an open flame

- Combustion that occurs when all the fuel is burned using only the theoretical amount of air.

- Known as stoichiometric combustion.

- The amount of heat that can be obtained from burning a fuel.

- normally expressed in BTU/gal., sometimes BTU/lb.

- most common fuel oils are No. 2 and No. 6.

- amount of heat in a fuel.

ASTM

the lower end of the concentration range over which a flammable mixture of gas or vapour in air can be ignited at a given temperature and pressure.

- the time it takes for 60 mL of oil to flow through a calibrated tube at a specific temperature.

- Saybolt viscosity.

- a solid black fossil fuel formed when organic material is hardened in the earth over millions of years.

Many of these fuels are solid fuels that cannot be pulverized. Therefore, burners for these fuels use a stoker to feed fuel into the furnace. Alternatively, a gasifier may be used to remove volatile gases for combustion.

- an alternative fuel.

- can be gasified or mixed with other fuels and burned to produce power and heat for an industrial process.

- a byproduct of manufacturing wood and paper products.

- used to determine boiler combustion efficiency.

- carbon dioxide = burned fuel

- carbon monoxide = incomplete combustion

- oxygen = excess air

- gases of combustion can be checked quickly and accurately for temperature, gases, draft, and smoke with this device.

- probe located in the breeching for measurement.

- an electronic gas analyzer that is of the portable type with a handheld probe.

- the probe is temporarily placed in the breeching to gather data about the gases of combustion leaving the boiler.

- a gas analyzer.

- used to measure carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen in the gases of combustion.

- rarely used anymore.

- furnace efficiency is affected by this and the amount of heat that can be released within that volume.

- The amount of space available in a furnace where the fuel can burn before it comes in contact with the boiler heating surface.

- must be large enough to achieve complete combustion of all the fuel while preventing the formation of soot and smoke.