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443 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The breaking down phase of metabolism is called |
Catabolism |
|
The ability of an organism to sense changes that take place within its body would be an example of |
Responsiveness |
|
Heat is a form of energy. |
TRUE |
|
Match the following body cavities with the appropriate description.
Contains the cranial and spinal cavities |
Dorsal |
|
Match the following body cavities with the appropriate description.
The brain is found in this cavity |
Cranial |
|
Match the following body cavities with the appropriate description.
Contains the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
|
Ventral |
|
Match the following body cavities with the appropriate description.
Contains one lung |
Pleural |
|
Match the following body cavities with the appropriate description.
Contians the heart and its great vessels |
Mediastinum |
|
Match the following body cavities with the appropriate description.
Contains the medistinum and the pleural cavities |
Thoracic |
|
Match the following body cavities with the appropriate description.
Contains the medistinum and the pleural cavities |
Thoracic |
|
Match the following body cavities with the appropriate description.
Contains the gonads |
Pelvic |
|
Water is |
a. the most abundant chemical in the body. b. a major component of the extracellular fluid. c. a component of the internal environment. d. a requirement of life. |
|
Which of the following examples illustrates a homeostatic mechanism? |
shivering in response to a drop in body temperature |
|
The building up phase of metabolism is called |
Anabolism |
|
The traits that humans share with other organisms are called characteristics of life |
TRUE |
|
The ears are lateral to the eyes. |
TRUE |
|
All materials, including those of the human body, are composed of chemicals. |
TRUE |
|
Which of the following organs is found in the pelvic cavity? |
urinary bladder |
|
Homeostasis refers to |
maintaining internal conditions |
|
Parietal membranes are attached to the surfaces of organs. |
FALSE |
|
Requirements of organisms do not include |
A control center |
|
Which of the following includes all the others? |
metabolism (excretion digestion respiration) |
|
A section that separates the body into left and right portions is a |
sagittal section |
|
The mediastinum separates |
the thoracic cavity into right and left parts |
|
Homeostatic mechanisms do not include |
positive feedback |
|
The diaphragm separates the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities. |
TRUE |
|
Homeostatic mechanisms act through positive feedback. |
FALSE |
|
A part that is above another part is said to be |
superior |
|
Which term refers specifically to the structures that provide information about conditions in the internal environment? |
receptors |
|
Which of the following lists illustrates the idea of increasing levels of organization? |
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cel |
|
Requirements of humans do not include |
light |
|
The axial portion of the body includes |
the cranial cavity, vertebral canal, thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
|
Which of the following is true of positive feedback mechanisms? |
They cause unstable conditions, at least temporarily |
|
The organ systems responsible for integration and coordination are the nervous and endocrine systems. |
TRUE |
|
The digestive system filters wastes from the blood and maintains fluid and electrolyte balance. |
FALSE |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Cephalic |
Superior |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Caudal |
Inferior |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Ventral |
Anterior |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Dorsal |
Posterior |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Towards the midline |
Medial |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Away from midline |
Lateral |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
In between |
Intermediate |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Towards the origin of the body |
Proximal |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Away from the origin of the body |
Distal |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Towards the surface |
Superficial |
|
Match the following directional terms with its appropriate description.
Away from the surface |
Deep |
|
The elbow is distal to the wrist. |
FALSE |
|
The membrane on the surface of the lung is called the |
visceral pleura. |
|
The building up phase of metabolism is called |
anabolism |
|
When two or more atoms (reactants) bond to form a more complex structure (product) the reaction is called synthesis. |
TRUE |
|
If two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond. |
TRUE |
|
Buffers combine with hydrogen ions when H+ is in excess or they donate hydroxide ions when H+ is depleted. |
FALSE |
|
The building blocks of fat molecules are amino acids. |
FALSE |
|
The formula H2O means |
a molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom |
|
The different types of carbohydrates do not include |
proteins |
|
As hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH number |
gets smaller. |
|
The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom determine its |
chemical behavior |
|
Which of the following chemicals is not an inorganic substance? |
Protein |
|
Many inorganic substances dissociate in water to release ions. |
TRUE |
|
When two or more atoms bond, they form a new kind of particle called a molecule. |
TRUE |
|
The first electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of |
2 electrons. |
|
Each whole number on the pH scale represents a ____ - fold difference in hydrogen ion concentration. |
10 |
|
Which of the following is not organic? |
Carbon dioxide |
|
The molecular formula for compounds like sodium chloride (NaCl) give the relative amounts of each element present. |
TRUE |
|
The electrons of an atom occupy one or more areas of space called |
shells |
|
A covalent bond is formed by two atoms that share electrons. |
TRUE |
|
Carbon dioxide is |
a waste product of metabolic processes |
|
Chemistry is the branch of science that deals with the composition of matter. |
TRUE |
|
A decomposition reaction can be symbolized as ________. |
AB→A+B |
|
If the bonds of a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form, the reaction is an exchange reaction. |
FALSE |
|
A substance that releases hydrogen ions in water is a base. |
FALSE |
|
Steroid molecules have four connected rings of carbon atoms. |
TRUE |
|
Chemicals that resist changes in pH are called |
buffers |
|
A salt is a compound composed of oppositely charged ions. |
TRUE |
|
The atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus. |
FALSE |
|
As a group, compounds that release ions when they dissolve in water are called |
electrolytes |
|
A solution that has a pH of 6 has ten times the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution with a pH of |
7 |
|
The building blocks of proteins are amino acids. |
TRUE |
|
Which term describes a solution that contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions? |
Basic |
|
An element with an atomic number of 6 contains 12 protons. |
FALSE |
|
Sodium and chloride ions readily combine because they have opposite charges. |
TRUE |
|
A pH value indicates the hydrogen ion concentration in solutions, including body fluids. |
TRUE |
|
An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called an ion. |
TRUE |
|
Matter is anything that has weight and takes up space. |
TRUE |
|
A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions is called a(an) _________ reaction. |
exchange |
|
All matter is composed of atoms of fundamental substances called ________________. |
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
|
An acid is defined as an electrolyte that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. |
FALSE |
|
Cellular organelles use oxygen to release energy from glucose. |
TRUE |
|
A molecular formula represents the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule. |
TRUE |
|
A person has alkalosis if the blood pH |
rises above 7.4. |
|
Inorganic substances that usually dissociate in water are called |
electrolytes |
|
The attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule is called a(an) |
hydrogen bond |
|
All of the food that we eat, liquids that we drink and medications that we take are |
chemicals |
|
At the cellular level of organization, biology becomes the study of |
chemistry |
|
Which of the following is the number of elements living organisms require? |
20 |
|
Which of the following substances is not an element? |
Water |
|
Proteins include DNA and RNA. |
FALSE |
|
The atoms of the isotopes of a particular element vary in the number of |
neutrons |
|
Cholesterol is a protein. |
FALSE |
|
Which of the following processes uses specific carrier molecules? |
Active transport. |
|
The Golgi apparatus contains DNA. |
FALSE |
|
Movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration depends upon |
hydrostatic pressure. |
|
Interphase is a "time out" in the cell cycle, when the cell rests its synthetic activities. |
FALSE |
|
Ribosomes are composed largely of protein and |
RNA |
|
White blood cells that take in particles and cellular debris are termed |
phagocytes |
|
Which of the following is not a component of the cell membrane's structure? |
Glycogen |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
Normal cellular functions are carried out |
Interphase |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
Growth phase |
G1 |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
When genetic material replicates |
S |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
The phase right before mitosis |
G2 |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
Chromatin become visible as chromosomes |
Prophase |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
Chromatin align themselves down the center of the cell |
Metaphase |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
Chromosomes split and can be seen moving to each side of the cell |
Anaphase |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
Chromosomes re-scatter themselves and prepare for cell division |
Telophase |
|
Match the following phases of the cell cycle with its appropriate description.
The division of the cell's cytoplasm |
Cytokinesis |
|
Cells that retain the ability to divide without specializing are called |
stem cells. |
|
Vesicles are formed by folding of the |
cell membrane |
|
Adrenoleukodystrophy is an inborn error of metabolism that causes brain degeneration starting at age 5 or 6. The defect is in peroxisomes. This is an organelle that |
houses several types of enzymes |
|
Tina has a sunburn. A week later, the skin on her burnt shoulder peels away. The cells are undergoing |
apoptosis |
|
In Krabbe disease, an enzyme is abnormal or absent in the |
lysosomes |
|
Centromeres pull apart during |
anaphase |
|
Tiny droplets of fluid can enter and cross a cell membrane from the outside in a process called |
pinocytosis |
|
The series of changes that a cell undergoes from when it forms to when it divides is called |
the cell cycle |
|
The process that moves sodium ions from where they are not very concentrated inside a cell to where they are much more concentrated outside the cell is called |
active transport |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Stores all genetic material |
Nucleus |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Has nuclear pores |
Nuclear membrane |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Makes ribosomes |
Nucleoli |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
An uncondensed version of a chromosome |
Chromatin |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
The most superficial portion of a cell |
Plasma membrane |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Where aerobic respiration occurs |
Mitochondria |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Protein production |
Ribosomes |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Studded with organelles that make proteins and has the ability to transport things around a cell |
Rough ER |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Cholesterol production and fat breakdown |
SmoothER |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Transports proteins through the cytosol to the plasma membrane |
golgi appaaratus |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Cell's demolition site |
Lysosomes |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Detoxification of free radicals |
Peroxisomes |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Movement of cell and support of organelles in the cytosol |
Cytoskeleton |
|
Match the following pieces of cellular anatomy with its appropriate function.
Attracts chromosomes to either side of a cell during cellular replication |
Centrioles |
|
A cell membrane is composed mostly of |
proteins and lipids |
|
Genetic material (DNA) is a component |
TRUE |
|
An adult human body has about |
75 trillion cells |
|
During the metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes |
line up between the centrioles |
|
Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a |
network of interconnected membranes |
|
Which of the following describes a cleavage furrow? |
Cellular constriction that occurs towards the end of mitosis. |
|
A nucleolus is composed largely of |
RNA and protein. |
|
If a solution outside of a cell contains a greater concentration of dissolved particles than the contents of the cell, the solution is said to be |
hypertonic |
|
In anaphase of mitosis, centromeres and duplicated parts of chromosomes separate. |
TRUE |
|
Too infrequent cell division can lead to cancer, whereas too frequent cell division can delay wound healing. |
FALSE |
|
Which type of cell has many mitochondria? |
Muscle |
|
Two functions of the cell membrane are |
enabling the cell to communicate and attach to other cells |
|
The activity that takes place on ribosomes is |
protein synthesis |
|
A type of cell that has a flagellum is a(n) |
sperm |
|
The parts of a DNA molecule that contain the genetic information for making particular proteins are the |
nitrogenous bases. |
|
The anticodon sequence is part of a transfer RNA. |
TRUE |
|
The anticodon sequence is part of a transfer RNA. |
TRUE |
|
An example of catabolism is
|
hydrolysis |
|
DNA replicates by |
the double helix separating and pulling in new complementary bases |
|
Enzymes enable chemical reactions in organisms to proceed fast enough to sustain life by |
lowering the activation energy. |
|
The genetic code |
is a sequence of nucleic acid bases that instructs cells how to make specific protein molecules. |
|
During the anaerobic phase of cellular respiration, one molecule of glucose |
is broken down to yield two molecules of pyruvic acid. |
|
The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil. |
FALSE |
|
The transfer of genetic information from the nucleus into the cytoplasm is a function of |
messenger RNA |
|
The proportion of the human genome that encodes protein is about ___ percent. |
2 |
|
Enzymes |
do not change as they control reactions. |
|
Cells burn glucose in a process called oxidation. |
TRUE |
|
Most metabolic processes use chemical energy. |
TRUE |
|
Copying of the information in DNA into RNA, which can exit the nucleus is called |
transcription |
|
A protein that is altered by exposure to certain chemicals, heat, extremes of pH, electricity, or radiation, is said to be |
denatured |
|
A DNA molecule |
is composed of joined nucleotides. |
|
A genome is a section of DNA in which the nitrogenous base sequence encodes a specific sequence of amino acids. |
FALSE |
|
The enzyme catalase acts on the substrate |
hydrogen peroxide |
|
Genes carry information that instructs a cell to |
make specific proteins from amino acids |
|
A codon is a set of three nucleotides of an mRNA molecule that correspond to a particular amino acid. |
TRUE |
|
Cellular respiration occurs in three distinct, yet interconnected series of reactions. Which of the following gives the correct order of these reactions?
|
Glycolysis, citric acid cycle and electron transport chain |
|
A DNA strand has the sequence T, C, G, A, T, C. The sequence of the complementary strand is |
A, G, C, T, A, G |
|
The part of an ATP molecule that holds the energy used in metabolism is |
the phosphate bonds |
|
A rate-limiting enzyme is typically the first enzyme in a series. This position is important because |
a rate-limiting enzyme that acts later in the pathway could lead to build up of an intermediate chemical. |
|
A sucrose molecule decomposing to yield a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule |
uses a water molecule |
|
If a DNA strand has the organic base sequence T, T, A, C, G, A, the corresponding base sequence of a messenger RNA molecule would be |
A, A, U, G, C, U. |
|
All mutations are harmful. |
FALSE |
|
Anabolism includes |
the buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy |
|
The active site of an enzyme is the part that |
temporarily combines with a specific part of the substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. |
|
Anabolism and catabolism together constitute |
metabolism |
|
If a strand of DNA molecule contained the base sequence C, T, A, G, C, the complementary strand would contain the base sequence |
G, A, T, C, G. |
|
Which of the following describes the steps in the correct order for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction? |
Substrate, enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex, product+enzyme molecule |
|
Each enzyme acts only on a particular chemical called its |
substrate |
|
Glycolysis is referred to as the ____________ phase of cellular respiration because it does not require oxygen. |
anaerobic |
|
The reactions of anaerobic respiration occur in the |
cytosol |
|
Almost all enzymes are proteins but a few are |
RNA |
|
The two molecules that enter the citric acid cycle are a |
4-carbon compound and an acetyl CoA |
|
A piece of bread held in the mouth begins to taste sweet as large carbohydrate molecules are broken down into smaller sugars. These reactions are examples of |
catabolism |
|
The complementary base pairs in DNA are |
A with T and G with C |
|
All of the DNA in a cell constitutes the |
genome |
|
For each molecule of glucose that is decomposed completely, up to _______ molecules of ATP can be produced.
|
38 |
|
Enzymes are nucleic acids that promote specific chemical reactions |
FALSE |
|
The organelle that houses the reactions of aerobic respiration is the |
mitochondrion |
|
Catalysis is the speeding of a chemical reaction. |
TRUE |
|
A metabolic pathway is a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. |
TRUE |
|
During protein synthesis, amino acids are positioned in the proper sequence by molecules of |
transfer RNA |
|
The part of an enzyme that combines with a specific part of the substrate is called the |
active site |
|
Which of the following substances becomes more abundant during cellular respiration? |
ATP |
|
In dehydration synthesis |
monosaccharides are joined |
|
An ATP molecule that loses its terminal phosphate becomes |
ADP |
|
Cardiac muscle is found in the wall of the |
heart |
|
Bone cells are also called osteocytes. |
TRUE |
|
Bone cells (osteocytes) are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes (central canals). |
TRUE |
|
Which of the following is not a characteristic of nerve tissue? |
Its intercellular spaces are filled with collagen |
|
Which of the following cell types are least likely to reproduce? |
Skeletal muscle cells |
|
Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of |
dense connective tissue. |
|
A basement membrane anchors |
epithelial tissue to connective tissue. |
|
The tissue through which gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the lungs is |
simple squamous epithelium |
|
Muscle tissue conducts nerve impulses from one neuron to another and coordinates body activities. |
FALSE |
|
Membranes lining body cavities that lack openings to the outside are called |
serous membranes |
|
Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of body tissues? |
Eye tissue (epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous) |
|
Cartilage tissues are likely to be slow in healing following an injury because |
cartilage tissues lack direct blood supplies. |
|
Smooth muscle is found in the wall of the |
stomach and intestine |
|
A carcinoma is a cancer originating from |
epithelium |
|
Of the four major types of membranes, the one consisting of fibrous connective tissue overlying loose connective tissue is |
synovial membrane. |
|
When cardiac muscle cells are damaged by a heart attack, they are usually replaced by |
connective tissue cells |
|
Permanent wrinkling of skin is usually due to changes caused by excessive exposure to |
sunlight |
|
A neuron is a type of neuroglia |
FALSE |
|
Usually epithelial tissues do not have blood vessels. |
TRUE |
|
The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and many urinary passageways is |
transitional |
|
Epithelial tissue functions in |
secretion absorption protection excretion |
|
A skeletal muscle fiber contains many nuclei. |
TRUE |
|
Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are suspended in a fluid intercellular matrix called plasma. |
TRUE |
|
Bone cells are arranged in concentric circles around longitudinal tubes in cylinder-shaped units called |
central canals. |
|
The muscle tissue that can be consciously controlled is |
skeletal muscle tissue. |
|
Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens the skin by stimulating production of |
melanin |
|
As cells are pushed from the deeper part of the epidermis toward the surface |
they die. |
|
Which of the following is not a method for helping prevent pressure ulcer formation? |
Maintaining one body position |
|
Injections that are administered into the tissues of the skin are called |
intradermal |
|
The main function of melanocytes is to |
produce melanin |
|
The regulation of body temperature is of vital importance because |
slight shifts in temperature can disrupt the rates of metabolic reactions |
|
Cutaneous carcinomas are most commonly caused by exposure to |
ultraviolet light |
|
Which of the following is not correct concerning the skin? |
The subcutaneous layer is between the dermis and the epidermis |
|
Nerve fibers scattered throughout the dermis are associated with |
muscles, glands, and sensory receptors. |
|
Which of the following is a characteristic of the person most likely to develop a cutaneous carcinoma? |
Over forty years of age, Often works outdoors, Light-complexioned skin, Light-complexioned skin |
|
Eccrine sweat glands |
respond primarily to elevated body temperature |
|
In healthy skin, the production of epidermal cells is closely balanced with the loss of skin cells. |
TRUE |
|
Pressure ulcers are usually associated with skin overlying |
bony projections |
|
The outermost layer of the epidermis is stratum basale and the innermost layer is stratum corneum. |
FALSE |
|
The secretion of the sebaceous glands is called sebum. |
TRUE |
|
Skin cancer cells are most likely to develop from |
nonpigmented epithelial cells. |
|
The shaft of a hair is composed of |
dead epidermal cells |
|
The granulations that appear during the healing of a large, open wound are composed mainly of |
fibroblasts surrounding blood vessels. |
|
When the body temperature rises above normal, dermal blood vessels are likely to constrict. |
FALSE |
|
A nail consists of a |
nail bed and nail plate. |
|
Skin cells play an important role in the production of vitamin |
D |
|
he major blood vessels that supply skin cells are found in the |
subcutaneous layer |
|
Three physiological factors that affect the color of skin are: volume of blood in dermal vessels, carotene in the subcutaneous layer and various diseases. |
TRUE |
|
Which of the following is a normal response to excess loss of body heat in a cold environment? |
Dermal blood vessels constrict, Sweat glands become inactive, Skeletal muscles contract involuntarily, Less blood flows to dermal vessels |
|
The most common cause of cutaneous melanoma is |
relatively short exposure to high intensity sunlight |
|
Osteoclasts are large cells that cause the breakdown of osseous tissue. |
TRUE |
|
Bone that develops within sheetlike layers of connective tissue is called _______ |
intramembranous bone |
|
A hip bone includes a (an) _______ |
ilium ischium pubis acetabulum |
|
The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk. |
FALSE |
|
Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of endochondral bone? |
Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue. |
|
Which of the following bones is NOT included within the lower limb? |
Ulna |
|
The cells responsible for removing excess bone tissue after the fracture repair process are _______ |
osteoclasts |
|
Which of the following is NOT included in the appendicular skeleton? |
Vertebral column |
|
A meniscus functions to cushion articulating surfaces of bones |
TRUE |
|
Which of the following increase the risk of developing osteoporosis? |
Low intake of dietary calcium, Lack of physical exercise, Smoking, Low intake of vitamin D |
|
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that _______ |
the bone is lengthening |
|
The degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis may develop as a result of damage to the _______ |
articular cartilage |
|
The hip joint is a pivot joint. |
FALSE |
|
The importance of fontanels in the infant's skull is to permit some movement of bones, thereby enabling the infant to pass more easily though the birth canal. |
TRUE |
|
The tarsal bones form the wrist. |
FALSE |
|
Cervical vertebrae can be distinguished from other types by the presence of |
transverse foramina |
|
The parietal bones meet the frontal bone along the sagittal suture. |
FALSE |
|
The humerus has an olecranon fossa. |
TRUE |
|
Which of the following describes the female pelvis compared to that of the male? |
The distance between the female ischial spines is greater |
|
The joints between the vertebrae of the backbone are best described as _______ |
slightly movable. |
|
Which of the following is included in the pectoral girdle? |
Scapula |
|
Synovial fluid moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces within a joint. |
TRUE |
|
The femur _______ |
is the longest bone in the body, extends from the hip to the knee, has a large rounded head, articulates with the patella |
|
Vitamin D is needed for the proper absorption of calcium in the small intestine. |
TRUE |
|
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of _______ |
red and white blood cells and platelets. |
|
Articular cartilage is _______ |
hyaline cartilage. |
|
The zygomatic arch is composed of processes of the _______ |
zygomatic and temporal bones. |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
Foramen magnum |
Occipital |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
External acoustic meatus |
Temporal |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
Mastoid process |
Temporal |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
Dens |
C2 veterbrae |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
IVF |
Vertebrae |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
Spinous process |
Vertebrae |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
Lamina |
Vertebrae |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
Pedicle |
Vertebrae |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
Manubrium |
Sternum |
|
Match each of the following boney landmarks with the bone it is on.
Xiphoid process |
Sternum |
|
Which of the following terms and descriptions is correctly paired? |
Pronation-turning the hand so the palm is downward or facing posteriorly (in anatomical position) |
|
A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the _______ |
maxillae |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Acromion process |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Corocoid process |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Glenoid fossa |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Greater tubercle |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Deltoid tuberosity |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Trochlea |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Capitulum |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Radial tuberosity |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Olecranon process |
|
Match the following boney landmarks found on the upper extremity with the bone it is on. |
Lesser tubercle |
|
An osteocyte is a _______ |
bone cell surrounded by matrix. |
|
When a muscle undergoes atrophy in response to disuse, |
there is a reduction in capillary networks, the number of mitochondria decreases, the size of actin and myosin filaments decreases, the muscle gets smaller |
|
The characteristic reddish brown color of skeletal muscle comes from which substance? |
myoglobin |
|
Endomysium separates individual muscle fibers from each other. |
TRUE |
|
In the initiation of muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to tropomyosin, exposing active sites on actin for cross-bridge formation. |
FALSE |
|
The threshold stimulus is the |
minimum strength of stimulus required to cause muscle fiber contraction to occur |
|
The term "muscle" can refer to |
cell, tissue, organ |
|
Cardiac muscle is located in the walls of blood vessels. |
FALSE |
|
ATP is necessary for muscle relaxation. |
TRUE |
|
Multiunit smooth muscle |
responds to stimulation by neurons and certain hormones |
|
The electrical impulse that triggers a contraction travels deep into a skeletal muscle fiber by means of |
transverse tubules |
|
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase causes acetylcholine to |
decompose |
|
Creatine phosphate |
supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
This boundary separates one sarcomere from another |
Z line |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
Thick filaments are attached to this |
M line |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
This tissue stores calcium |
Sarcoplasmic reticulum |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
When an action potential is met the charge will travel deep into the cell through which piece of tissue |
T-tubule |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
What neurotransmiiter is secreted into the synapse of a neuromuscular juntion |
Ach |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
Which ion is pumped into a muscle cell during depolarization |
Na |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
Which ion is pumped out of a skeletal muscle cell during depolarization |
K |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
The dark band |
A band |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
The light band |
I band |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
Covers the active site of actin in a relaxed muscle cell |
Tropomyosin |
|
Match the following terms/actions with its best description.
The protein calcium binds to in a sarcomere to help cause cross bridges |
Tropinin |
|
A motor unit typically includes |
one motor neuron and several muscle fibers |
|
Rigor mortis that occurs in skeletal muscles a few hours after death is due to |
lack of ATP increased membrane permeability to calcium ions |
|
Functions of muscle include |
heartbeat, muscle tone, production of heat, moving body parts |
|
Binding sites on the surface of actin allow the formation of cross bridges with molecules of |
myosin |
|
A sarcomere is best described as _______ |
a unit within a myofibril |
|
Ach released by a motor neuron crosses the synaptic cleft and reaches the motor end plate by diffusion. |
TRUE |
|
The increase in the number of motor units activated as a result of more intense stimulation is called |
recruitment |
|
In a recording of a muscle twitch, the delay between the time a stimulus is applied and the time the muscle responds is called the |
latent period |
|
The amount of oxygen needed to support the conversion of lactic acid to glucose by the liver is called the |
oxygen debt |
|
The muscle primarily responsible for opposing a particular action is called the |
antagonist |
|
Myofibrils are composed primarily of |
actin and myosin |
|
Neurotransmitter molecules are stored in vesicles within |
motor neuron endings |
|
A muscle cramp is most likely due to a temporary lack of |
ATP |
|
The phrenic nerves arise from the |
cervical plexuses |
|
Which is true of drugs that decrease membrane permeability to sodium ions? |
Some are used as local, They may block nerve impulses from moving along the axon, They may prevent the perception of pain, They work by blocking sodium channels in the cell membrane |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Fight or flight |
Sympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Vasodilation to skeletal muscle |
Sympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Have ganglion found close to the vertebral column |
Sympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Increases breathing rate |
Sympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Pupil dilation |
Sympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Increases blood flow to the visceral organs |
Parasympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Have long preganglionic fibers |
Parasympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Have short postganglionic fibers |
Parasympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Are strictly cholinergic |
Parasympathetic |
|
Match the following actions with the autonomic nervous system branch that primarily controls it.
Decreases heart rate |
Sympathetic |
|
During an action potential, depolarization occurs as a result of |
sodium ions diffusing to the inside of the cell membrane |
|
During an action potential, repolarization occurs as a result of |
potassium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane. |
|
An infant's responses to stimuli are coarse and undifferentiated because its nerve fibers |
are not completely myelinated |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
Anchors capillaries in the brain to nutrient supply lines |
Astrocytes |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
Forms the blood brain barrier |
Astrocytes |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
Phagocytose debris |
Microglia |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
It is ciliated |
Ependymal |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
Lines the dorsal body cavity |
Ependymal |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
Are the myelin making cells of the CNS |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
Are the myelin making cells of the PNS |
Schwann |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
Multiple cells lining one axon |
Schwann |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
One cell lining many axons |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
Match the following neuroglia cells with their best description.
It is the cell associated with Multiple Sclerosis |
Oligodendrocytes |
|
Nodes of Ranvier connect adjacent neurons. |
FALSE |
|
When a neuron becomes more excitable as a result of incoming subthreshold stimulation, it is said to be |
facilitated |
|
Interneurons are specialized to carry impulses from peripheral receptors into the brain or spinal cord. |
FALSE |
|
The cardiac and vasomotor center are located in the |
medulla oblongata |
|
Which of the following lists parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence? |
Receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector |
|
Which of the following is most closely associated with the diencephalon? |
Thalamus |
|
The pressure of cerebrospinal fluid is usually measured by introducing a hollow needle between lumbar vertebrae into the |
subarachnoid space |
|
In the case of a subdural hematoma (blood accumulating beneath the dura) resulting from a blow to the head, blood accumulates between the |
dura mater and arachnoid mater |
|
Which of the following is NOT a type of neuroglia? |
Neuron (Astrocyte, Oligodendrocyte, Ependymal cell, Microglial cell) |
|
The complex network of tiny islands of gray matter in the brain that "awakens" the cerebral cortex is the |
reticular formation |
|
The arbor vitae is part of the cerebrum. |
FALSE |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Contains the cerebral aqueduct |
Midbrain |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Have ascending and descending tracts in its peduncles |
Midbrain |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Reflex center for vision and hearing |
Midbrain |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Anterior part of the brain stem associated with breathing |
Pons |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Most inferior portion of the brain stem |
Medulla oblongata |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Controls heart rate |
Medulla oblongata |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Controls blood pressure |
Medulla oblongata |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Controls breathing, swallowing and vomiting |
Medulla oblongata |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Gray matter extending over the entire brain stem |
Reticular formation |
|
Match the following descriptions/functions with the proper part of the brain stem.
Damage to this results in a coma |
Reticular formation |
|
The cellular processes of neurons that provide receptive surfaces for input from other neurons are |
dendrites |
|
The respiratory areas are in the pons and in the |
medulla oblongata. |
|
A synapse is the functional connection between two neurons. |
TRUE |
|
A nerve is a single neuron. |
FALSE |
|
The following structures that contain pain receptors are |
meninges on the surface of the brain and blood vessels in the brain. |
|
Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision. |
TRUE |
|
The sets of color receptors (cones) in the retina contain photopigments that are |
. red, green and blue. |
|
If you enter a fish market and smell the strong fishy odor, but the odor quickly seems to fade away, you have experienced |
sensory adaptation. |
|
Floaters that cast shadows on the visual receptors are usually located in the |
vitreous humor |
|
Tears contain an enzyme that reduces the chances of developing an eye infection. |
TRUE |
|
The ampullae are swellings containing sensory receptors associated with |
the semicircular canals. |
|
The conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the anterior surface of the sclera. |
TRUE |
|
The region of receptors on the retina that gives the sharpest vision is the |
fovea centralis |
|
The auditory nerve pathways carry impulses to the auditory cortices in the |
temporal lobes. |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
The outer fleshy part of the ear |
Pinna |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
Where cerumen is normally found |
Auditory canal |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
Separates the outer ear from the middle ear |
Tympanic membrane |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
The ear bone that articulates with the eardrum |
Hammer (malleus) |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
Connects the middle ear to the pharynx |
Auditory tub |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
The ear bone that connects the middle ear to the inner ear |
Stirrup (stapes |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
Controls static equilibrium |
Vestibule |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
Controls dynamic equilibrium |
Semicircular canals |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
Carries sound from the inner ear to CN8 |
Cochlea |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
It is the middle of the three ear bones |
Anvil (incus) |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
The organ of corti is found within which tissue of the ear |
Cochlea |
|
Match the following pieces of tissue with its best description/function.
The three ear bones are found within which section of the ear |
Middle ear |
|
Pain receptors |
are generally stimulated by factors that can damage tissues |
|
Blowing the nose improperly may cause an infection in the auditory tube to spread to the |
middle ear. |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
Lining in the eye covering the underside of the eyelid and fusing with the cornea |
Conjuctiva |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
Found in the superior lateral portion of the eye and secretes fluid |
Lacrimal gland |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
Drains fluid from the medial side of the eye into the nasal cavity |
Nasolacrimal duct |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
White substance around the eye |
Sclera |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
The most anterior and superficial piece of eye tissue |
Cornea |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
The colored portion of the eye |
Iris |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
The "hole" in the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye |
Pupil |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
Where all images are projected to in a normal eye |
Retina |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
Area of greatest visual acuity |
Fovea centralis |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
Projects a focused image to the retina |
Lens |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
Provides nutrients to the lens and cornea |
Aqueous humor |
|
Match the following pieces of anatomy with its proper description/function.
Prevents the eyeball from collapsing |
Vitreous humor |
|
Anosmia a loss of the sense of |
smell |
|
The lens of the eye thickens when the |
ciliary muscles contract |
|
The auditory tube connects the throat with the |
middle ear |
|
Olfactory receptor cells are best described as |
neurons |
|
Worldwide, blindness is most commonly caused by changes in the |
cornea |
|
Which of the following correctly lists the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye? |
Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor |
|
The olfactory receptors are examples of |
chemoreceptors |
|
Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye? |
Retina |
|
Which of the following would cause a form of conductive hearing impairment? |
Torn tympanic membrane |
|
The auditory ossicles are located in the |
middle ear |
|
The auditory ossicles are located in the inner ear. |
FALSE |
|
Treatment for cataract usually removes the |
lens |
|
Rod cells contain the pigment |
rhodopsin |
|
Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation? |
Pungent |
|
The range of human hearing is about ________ cycles per second. |
20-20,000 |
|
The hearing receptors are contained in the |
spiral organ |
|
Nerve impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. |
TRUE |
|
Nightblindness is most commonly caused by
|
an improper diet |