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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Studies of the structure of living organisms.
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Anatomy
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Study of the function of living organisms.
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Physiology
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The simplest level of the structural hierachy is the _______ level
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Chemical
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At the _______ level, tiny building blocks of matter (atoms) combine to form molecules.
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Chemical
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_______ form organelles.
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Molecules
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Basic components of the microscopic cells.
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Organelles
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The smallest units of living things.
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Cells
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What are the levels of organization?
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Atom
Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism |
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Groups of similar cells that have a common fuction.
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Tissues
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What are the four basic tissue types in the human body?
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1. Epithelium
2. Muscle 3. Connective 4. Nervous |
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A discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types that performs a specific function for the body.
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Organ
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Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.
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Organ System
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A state of body equilibrium or stable internal enviornment of the body.
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Homeostasis
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The most common homeostasis control mechanism. The net effect is that the output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity.
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Negative feedback mechanism
(Similar to your thermostat) |
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Feedback that tends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change.
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Positive feedback mechanism
(Similar to labor contractions) |
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In the _______ position, the body is erect with feet slightly apart. (Standing at attention) Palms face forward and thumbs away from body.
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Anatomical position
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The anatomical reference point is a standard body position called the _______.
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Anatomical position
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Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above.
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Superior
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Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below.
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Inferior
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Toward or at the from of the body; in front of.
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Ventral (Anterior)
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Toward or at the back of the body; behind.
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Dorsal (Posterior)
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Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.
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Medial
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Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of.
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Lateral
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Between a more medial and more lateral structure.
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Intermeadiate
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Closer to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
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Proximal
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Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
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Distal
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Toward or at the body surface.
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Superficial (External)
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Away from the body surface; more internal.
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Deep (internal)
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A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
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Sagittal plane
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A sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline.
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Midsagittal (Median) plane
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Sagittal plane offset from the midline.
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Parsasagittal plane
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Vertically divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
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Frontal (Coronal) plane
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Runs horizontally from right to left, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts.
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Transverse (Horizontal) plane
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A transverse section
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Cross section
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Cuts made diagnolly between the horizontal and the vertical planes.
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Oblique sections
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Protects the fragile nervous system organs.
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Dorsal body cavity
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What are the two subdivisions of the dorsal body cavity?
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1. Cranial cavity
2. Vertebral (Spinal) cavity |
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The cavity in the skull that encases the brain.
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Cranial cavity
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The cavity that runs within the bony vertebral column and encloses the delicate spinal cord.
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Vertebral (Spinal) cavity
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The more anterior and larger of the closed body cavities that houses internal organs collectively.
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Ventral body cavity
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What are the two subdivisions of the ventral body cavity?
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1. Thoracic
2. abdominopelvic |
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The lung is located in which cavity?
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Pleural cavity
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The heart is located in which cavity?
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Pericardial cavity
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The stomach is located in which cavity?
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Abdominal cavity
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What are the 3 subdivisions of the thoracic cavity?
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1. Pleural
2. Mediastinum 3. Pericardial (Each contain the other from top to bottom) |
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The walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of the organs it contains are covered by a thin, double-layered mebrane called?
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Serosa membrane
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What are the two layers of the serosa membrane?
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1. Parietal serosa
2. Visceral serosa |
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This layer of the membrane lines the cavity walls.
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Parietal serosa
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This layer of the membrane covers the organs in the cavity.
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Visceral serosa
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