Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define Neolithic History |
The term Neolithic refers to the last stage of the Stone Age. The period is significant for its megalithic architecture, spread of agricultural practices, and use of polished stone tools.
|
|
|
Define Paleolithic History |
The earliest period of human development and the longest phase of mankind's history By far the most outstanding feature of the Paleolithic period was the evolution of the human species from an apelike creature, or near human, to true Homo sapiens
|
|
|
What are the three key principles as established by Darwin |
1. Natural selection- those members of a species which are best suited to the environment will survive, mate and reproduce. 2. Mutability of a Species-enormous variation exists within a species, if the variation suits the environment it will be passed on to the next generation. 3. Phyletic Gradualism- small, gradual changes to a species result in a new species over time |
|
|
Define Civilization |
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced. Characteristics include: writing, class structure, urban settlements, etc.
|
|
|
Where did the first civilization appear? |
Mesopotamia apeared between the Tigris and the Euphrates |
|
|
Sumerian Concept of "ME" |
Each Sumer god adhered to a set of rules of divine authority known as me. The me were universal decrees of divine authority. They are the invocations that spread arts, crafts, and civilization.
|
|
|
Four leading Sumer deities |
The four most important deities were An, Enlil, Enki, and Ninhursag. These were the four creator deities who created all of the other gods.
|
|
|
How was man made? (Sumerian) |
An put a god to death, and his body and blood was mixed with clay. From that material the first human being was created, in likeness to the gods. |
|
|
What is man's purpose? (Sumerian) |
Sumerians believed that their role in the universe was to serve the gods. To this end the ancient Sumerians devoted much of their time to ensuring their favor with the gods with worship, prayer, and sacrifice.
|
|
|
Sumerian Writing System |
Pictograms and phonograms written left to right using a stylus |
|
|
Assyrians |
Major Mesopotamian empire, excellent traders and very war like. Were the foundation for Babylonian society. |
|
|
Babylonians |
Mesopotamian civilization of agriculturalists and merchants much more "cultured" than the Assyrians (more art, etc.) |
|
|
Nature of Ununified Egypt |
Primarily mad up of Nomes (territorial devisions) constantly warring and ununified |
|
|
Old Kingdom Egypt |
United by Menes (probably) 2686-2181 BCE Capitol: Memphis "Age of Pyramids" Pharaoh's buried in pyramids Role of Pharaoh: In accessible God King w/ absolute rule |
|
|
Middle Kingdom Egypt |
2055-1650 BCE
Included 11th to 12th dynasty Capitol: Thebes "Golden Age" stable, expansion of Egypt Pharaoh's buried in tombs Role of Pharaoh: "Sheppard of the People" work with public, care for welfare of Egypt |
|
|
New Kingdom Egypt |
1550-1070 BCE Included 18th-20th dynasty Capitol: Thebes "Imperial Age" peak of power and prosperity Pharaoh's buried in valley of the King Role of Pharaoh: Religious leader and ruler |
|
|
Egyptian Art |
Static, usually formal, strangely abstract, and often blocky art. Usually designed to benefit a divine or deceased recipient.
|
|
|
Egyptian Clothing |
Egyptian clothing was filled with a variety of colors. Adorned with precious gems and jewels, the fashions of the Ancient Egyptians were made for not only beauty but also comfort. Egyptian fashion was created to keep cool while in the hot desert
|
|
|
Egyptian Writing |
The most famous of all ancient Egyptian scripts is hieroglyphic. However, throughout ancient Egyptian civilisation, at least three other scripts were used for different purposes. Using these scripts,scribes were able to preserve the beliefs, history and ideas of ancient Egypt in temple and tomb walls and on papyrus scrolls.
|
|
|
Pharaoh System |
|
|
|
Stages That Led to the Pyramid |
Pit Mastaba Step Pyramid Bent Pyramid True Pyramid |
|
|
Ramses II- the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. Imhotep-the earliest known architect and engineer and physician |
Cleopatra- last Pharaoh of Egypt Seti-a pharaoh of the New Kingdom Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt Ramses II father Ahmose-a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Eighteenth dynasty furtehr defeated the Hyksos and restored Egypt Thutmose-expanded Egypt, first Pharoh in valley of the Kings |
|
|
Tut-18th dynasty Pharaoh young King restored Egypt to polytheistic (capitol to Thebes) after his father's reign, tomb wasn't meant to be his and as such was left unraided, was murdered by an advisor who took over role as Pharaoh. Carter-discovered Tut's intact tomb Carnarvon- funded Carter |
Sneferu-founder of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom, built at least 3 pyramids Kufu-Pharaoh, commissioned Great Pyramid of Giza Menes- Pharaoh hypothetically united Egypt Nefreteri- Egyptian Queen Ramses' wife, could read and write,buried in valley of the queens |
|
|
Hyksos- invaders of Egypt from Western Asia Amenhotep- Ahmose' son Ahkenaton- Tut's father, tried to convert Egypt to monotheism (Ra), moved the capitol of Egypt to Thebes Karnak Temple-vast open-air museum, and the second largest ancient religious site in the world |
Lotus-the flower became a natural symbol of the sun and creation, as a symbol of re-birth, the lotus was closely related to the imagery of the funerary and Osirian cult Shaduf-hand operated device for lifting water |
|
|
The Greek Universe |
at first Chaos came to be (or was)"but next" came Gaia, Tartarus, and Eros
|
|
|
Minoan culture |
First "great" Western civilization built Knossos, patriarchal |
|
|
Organization of Roman Cities |
100,000 people Built on a grid system Four entrances The center is the Forum |
|
|
Roman Social Structure |
Peasants (Plebeians) and Aristocrats (Patricians) |
|
|
Rome Political Organization |
The senate (made up of Patricians voted on by Plebeians) also two consuls (like kings sort of) who ruled side by side |
|
|
How Expansive was the Roman Empire? |
Europe to North Africa to the Middle East |
|
|
How is the Roman military organized? |
A legion which is 10 cohorts which is 5 centuries which is 100 men each |
|
|
Mycenaean Culture |
Warlike take over part of Knossos after Minoans disappear |
|
|
Athena |
Trade, agriculture, naval power w optional military, no education for girls, education for boys |
|
|
Sparta |
Economy relies heavily on slave agriculture, extreme military power military training for boys behind ages 7, women receive training military service is mandatory |
|
|
Persian Wars |
Super Cow (Persia) vs Average Cow (Greece) Starts with Ionian revolt which is encouraged by Athens, Persian Emperor Darius starts a war with Greece when he is killed it is continued by his son Xerxes, they're met by Leonidis and the Greek forces who win using knowledge of the land |
|
|
Persian War Aftermath |
Average cow feels really super, Greece's major powers Athens and Sparra have inflated egos |
|
|
Peloponnesian War |
Athens vs Sparta Equally matched in the end Sparta wins but they're both pretty wiped out |
|
|
Alexander the Great |
King of Macedonia, incredibly intelligent great conquerer, spread Hellenistic (Greek) culture everywhere he conquered |
|
|
Roman creation myth |
Twin Demi-gods (sons of Roman war God) are abandoned at birth and saved/ raised by a she-wolf grow up to become heroes and found cities Romulus kills his brother when they argue and thus Rome thrives while Remus' city flounders without it's leader/King |
|
|
Roads in Rome |
Connected all of the Roman Empire for trade and military |
|
|
Octavian |
Became Emperor after Caesar but never called himself emperor |
|
|
Octavian |
Became Emperor after Caesar but never called himself emperor |
|
|
Diocletian |
Worked his way through the military and eventually became emperor |
|
|
Who is a barbarian? |
Anyone not Roman |
