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58 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Anatomy |
The study of the form and structure of the body and it's parts. |
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Physiology |
The study of the functions of the body and it's parts. |
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Microscopic Anatomy |
The study of the anatomy of microscopic structures such as cells and tissues |
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Macroscopic (gross) Anatomy |
The study of the anatomy of body parts large enough to be seen with the unaided eye. |
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Skeletal System |
The body system composed of bones and joints |
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Integumentary System |
The body system composed of skin, hair, nails, and hooves. |
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Nervous System |
The central nervous system and peripheral nerves |
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Cardiovascular System |
The body system composed of the heart and blood vessels/ arteries. |
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Respiratory System |
The body system composed of the lungs and air passageways |
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Digestive System |
The body system composed of the gastrointestinal tube and accessory digestive organs |
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Muscular System |
The body system composed of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. |
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Sensory System |
The body system composed of organs of general and special sense. |
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Endocrine System |
The body system composed of endocrine glands and hormones |
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Urinary System |
The body system composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. |
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Reproductive System |
The body system composed of the male and female reproductive structures |
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Planes of Reference |
Any of four basic imaginary slices through an animal body oriented at right angles to each other. They provide points or areas of Reference for descriptions of direction or location. |
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Sagittal Plane |
A plane that runs the length of the body and divides it into left and right parts that are not necessarily equal halves. |
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Median Plane |
A special kind of Sagittal plane that runs down the body lengthwise and divides it into equal left and right halves |
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Transverse Plane |
A plane across the body that divides it into cranial (head) and caudal (tail) parts that are not necessarily equal. |
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Dorsal Plane |
A plane at right angles to the Sagittal and transverse planes. It divides the body into dorsal (towards the back) and ventral (toward the belly) parts that are not necessarily equal. |
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Cranial |
Towards the head |
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Caudal |
Towards the tail |
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Xiphoid process |
The caudal end of the sternum. The breastbone |
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Rostral |
Towards the tip of the nose (used only in reference to the head) |
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Dorsal |
Towards the back of a standing animal |
Dorsal fin |
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Ventral |
Towards the belly of a standing animal |
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Medial |
Towards the median plane |
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Lateral |
Away from the median plane |
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Deep (Internal) |
Towards the center of the body. |
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Superficial (external) |
Towards the surface of the body. Not deep. |
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Proximal |
Toward the body (used to describe extremities) |
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Distal |
Away from the body (used when describing extremities) |
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Carpus |
The joint composed of the carpal bones. The wrist in animals, knee in horses. |
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Tarsus |
The joint composed of the tarsal bones (the ankle) |
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Palmar |
The back of the forelimb. The "palm". |
Palm |
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Plantar |
The back of the hind leg. |
Plantar fasciitis/ plantar warts |
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Bilateral symmetry |
The left and right halves of an animal's body are essentially mirror images of each other. |
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Dorsal body cavity |
Body cavity which contains the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system). It consists of the cranial cavity in the skull and the spinal cavity running down the spine. |
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Cranium |
The cranial cavity, the skull |
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Spinal canal |
The spinal cavity |
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Ventral body cavity |
Body cavity containing most of the organs of the body. It is divided by the diaphragm into the cranial thoracic cavity (chest) and the caudal abdominal cavity (belly). |
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Thorax |
Chest |
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Pleura |
Thin membrane in the thoracic cavity that covers the thoracic organs and lines the thoracic cavity. |
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Visceral layer of pleura |
The pleura which covers the organs in the thoracic cavity. |
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Parietal layer of pleura |
The layer of pleura lining the whole thoracic cavity. |
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Cell |
The single most basic unit of animal life. |
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Tissues |
Specialized cells working together. |
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Epithelial tissue |
Tissue composed entirely of cells. Main jobs are to cover body surfaces, secrete materials, and absorb materials. Found on the surface of the skin, lining of the mouth, intestine, and urinary bladder. It also forms glands such as sweat glands, salivary glands, and mammary glands. It also lines the GI tract and absorbs nutrients. |
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Connective tissue |
Holds the body together and gives it support. Composed of cells and a variety of nonliving intracellular substances that add strength. Some examples are fat, cartilage, and bone. |
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Muscle tissue |
Moves the body inside and out. Exists as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. |
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Skeletal muscle |
Moves the bones of the skeleton and under conscious nervous system control. |
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Cardiac muscle |
Makes up the heart and works automatically |
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Smooth muscle |
Found in intestinal organs such as the digestive tract and urinary bladder. Works pretty much automatically. |
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Nervous tissue |
Transmits information around the body and controls body function. It transmits sensory information from the body to the brain, processes the information, and sends instructions to the body. |
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Organs |
Groups of tissues working together for common purpose. |
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Systems |
Groups of organs involved in a common set of activities. |
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Health |
State of normal anatomy and physiology |
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Homeostasis |
The maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in the body. |
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