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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of Colic
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Gas Colic
Spasmodic colic Impaction Thromboembolic Strangulation obstruction "False" colic |
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Founder
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Abundance of starch...chronic
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Colic
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parasites, poor feed, feed before or after exercise, change in feed, high grain diets
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Ascarids
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round worms, migrate from G.I tract to lungs, problem in foals
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Pinworms
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female lays eggs around rectum
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Strongyles
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large and small larvae damage arteries and cause g.i. colic
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Bots
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fly lays yellow nits, larvae damage stomach lining
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Health Management
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vaccinate, deworm, dental, hooves
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Top 10 horse counties
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Lagrange, Elkhart, Allen, Hendricks, Daviess, Kosciusko, Madison, Harrison, Hamilton, Marion
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Top 10 horse states
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Texas, California, Florida, Oklahoma, Illinois, Colorado, Ohio, New York, Kentucky, Michigan
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Indiana's horse rank
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24th
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Breed that registers most foals
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American Quarter Horse
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Light Breeds
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more refined and athletic, race-thoroughbreds, standardbreds, show/pleasure- Arabian, quarter horse, 14-17 hands, 400-1300 lbs
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Draft Horses
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cold blooded, 17-19 hands, 2000 lbs, Belgian, percheron, Clydesdale, Suffolk, shire
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How many millions own horses?
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1.9
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How many people are involved in the horse industry?
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7.9
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International use of equine
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sport/recreation, draft/work, transportation, meat, milk + milk products, hides/hair, tools/misc.
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How many avg horses per owner
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3.3
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Purpose of horse
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90% pleasure
leisure, trails, showing, lessons, racing, rodeo, polo, carriage, hitches, police, transportation, work |
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Ponies
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mature less than 58 in
Shetland, hackney, welsh, p.o.a. |
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Gestation of horse
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336-340 days
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Foals weigh what % of dam
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10-12
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Estrus lasts how long? Ovulation?
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5-7 days
24 hrs |
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Estrous is how long for a horse?
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21-22 days
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Seasonally polyestrus
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cycle regularly during seasons of increasing days' length
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How much water for a horse daily?
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1-2 gallons
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Horses will eat what percentage of body weight in dry matter per day?
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2.5
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Horse life cycles
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gestation, foaling/growing, training, performance/use, breeding, end of life
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Oocyte viability
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12-24 hrs
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Sperm viability
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48-72 hrs
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Fertilization
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24 to 36 hrs of copulation
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Zygote
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fertilized egg
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Gestation length of cow
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282 days
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Gestation length of ewe
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148 days
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Gestation length of sow
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114 days 3 months 3 weeks 3 days
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Superovulation
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using hormone therapy to cause a female to ovulate more mature oocytes than typical during an estrous cycle
increases offspring from superior females |
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Around the time of birth what hormone increases to stimulate milk
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prolactin
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The hormone what brings about steady contraction
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oxytocin
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Parturition
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birth
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Dystocia
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difficult birth
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Estrous synchronization
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using hormone therapy to get all females on the same estrous cycle
increases uniformity in offspring concentrates labor during breeding and birth needed for embryo transfers |
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Excurrent duct system
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transport
maturation storage |
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Scrotum
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thermoregulation
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Spermatic cord
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thermoregulation
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Accesory glands
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seminal plasma, liquids
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Leydig cells
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produces testosterone in testes
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Dartos muscle
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inside the scrotum to regulate temp of testis in proximity to body
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Seminiferous tubules
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inside testes, location of spermatogenesis
germ cells/gametes/spermatozoa become sperm sertoli cells provide nourishment for sperm |
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Pampiniform plexus
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venous network to cool arterial blood coming to the testes
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Gonad
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primary sex organ that produced gametes, ovary, testes
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GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone)
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from hypothalamus, stimulates FSH, LH relase
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FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
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estrogen
from anterior pituitary gland, stimulates follicle growth on ovary, sperm development in testes |
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LH (leuteninzing hormone)
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progesterone in female
from anterior pituitary, stimulates ovulation in female, testosterone production in males |
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Estrous
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entire cycle
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Estus (what it is)
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standing heat
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Proestrus (1)
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beginning of follicle development
between CL regression and estus, when follicle is developing and estrogen production is increasing |
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Estrus (more in depth) (2)
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the period where the female is receptive to breeding-last 12 hrs to several days, increases FSH and LH(triggers ovulation)
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Metestrus(3)
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following estrus and development of the CL, increases progesterone production
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Diestrus (4)
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highly active CL to a reduction in estrogen production-if pregnancy occurs CL maintained and progesterone inhibits further estrus
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Estradiol
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from pre-ovulatory follicles, leads to estrus
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Progesterone
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from the CL blocks dramatic rise in estradiol
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PGF2a
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Prosteglandin
More important than progesterone Says whether pregnancy starts Destroys CL in nonpregnant animals |
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Testes
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testosterone
sperm |
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What lowers progesterone levels? And while the CL is regressing it begins to release relaxin a hormone which relaxes the pelvic muscles and ligaments in pelvic area.
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Prostaglandin
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Towards the final days of gestation, estrogen production is increased by the placenta, which in turn stimulates what from the uterine wall?
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prostaglandins
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Nutrient
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Food constituent that aids in the support of life
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Ruminant
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animal with a functional rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum
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What nutrients can be used for energy?
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Carbohydrates, fats, proteins
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What nutrients can be used for structure?
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Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Water
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What proteins can be used for regulatory?
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Proteins, Minerals, Water, Vitamins
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Proteins
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10-25% of ration
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