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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Anthropological Perspective |
compares societies |
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Anthropology |
Integrated study of humanity |
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Holism |
approach used to study societies as an integrated whole |
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Four Anthropological Fields: Physical |
study evolution/biology |
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Four Anthropological Fields: Archeology |
Remains |
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Four Anthropological Fields: Linguistic Anthropology |
Language |
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Four Anthropological Fields: Cultural Anthropology |
study contemporary societies |
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Hollistic Approach: Participant Observation |
Study/observe society by living among them |
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Foraging bands |
hunter/gatherer |
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horticulture |
no irrigation grow food depend on God for crops |
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Pastoral nomads |
cattle/sheep |
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Human Universals |
universal characteristics |
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Ethnography |
descriptive study of societies |
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Ethnographers |
study society write ethnographies |
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cultural areas |
land where societies share traits |
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Talk about the Fore of New Guinea |
Kuru was a disease killing people. Contracted by eating dead Natives thought it was Sorcery! (divination ritual reveals this Banned by Gov't
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Etic Perspective |
outsiders looking in advantages: see patters groups are unaware of |
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Emic Perspective: |
see world through people's eyes as if born in their culture |
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Ethnocentrivism |
judging other societies "ew, you eat your dead!" |
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Cultural Relativism |
understand customs without judging |
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POSTMODERNISM: Modernity |
understand based on reason and rationality |
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Postmodernity |
deny being about to know "truth" about the world emphasize scientific limitations aware of own bias |
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culture |
society's behaviors/beliefs |
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symbols |
something that represents something else |
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Defining Religion: Operant Definition |
definite terms to observe and study |
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Defining Religion: Analytic Definition |
focus on how religion is expressed as a culture |
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Defining Religion: Functional Definition |
focus on what religion does socially/psychologically |
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Defining Religion: Essentialist Definition |
what is the essential nature of religion? |
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supernatural |
"above natural" |
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sacred |
attitude towards a subject with reverence |
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animism |
belief of spirits |
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Theoretical Approach: Marxist Study |
marx= critical of religion religion reflects society false consciousness to distract from shitty lives |
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Collective Consciousness |
promote social cooperation symbols
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Interpretive Approach |
enterpret through ethnographies religion=symbols corresponding to cultural ideas/values/listyles |
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Psychosocial Approach |
culture and how it affects individual personality |
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Spirit Beings: Anthropomorphic |
spirit beings act as humans |
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Theory of Mind |
people know what others are thinking |
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cognition |
explains origin |
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Agnosticism |
supernatural=unknowable as impossible to prove it doesnt exist as it doesnt |
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shamanism |
power from spirit world |
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Shaminism: Axis Mundi |
Connects the three worlds axis mundi=vertical central axis |
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Neoshamanism: Tensegrity |
Technique of body movements used to become more aware of energy feild |
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Neoshamanism: Core Shamanism |
Universal techniques |
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What was so cool about Okinawan Priests? |
They were women! |
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FOLKTALES |
stories/myths entertaining
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LEGENDS |
events taken place |
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URBAN LEGENDS |
recount of what happened |
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MYTHS |
sacred stories |
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Why is Fieldwork and Functional Anthropology critisized? |
focus on beliefs, not on institutions or practices that may be oppressive or exploitative |
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Myth analysis Sigmond Freud |
early experiences projected into myths
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Myth Analysis: Carl Jung |
Collective Unconscious= elements unconsciously manifested in myths Archetypes= characters in myths |
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A shaman is more likely to have a supernatural experience than a Priest. True or False? |
True |
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A priest is more focused on people's personal problems than on community wide rituals. True or false? |
False |
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Periodic Rituals associated with agriculturalcycle are usually performed by shamans. True or false? |
False |
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According to Austrailian Aboriginese, increase rituals are designed to increases someone's wealth. True or false? |
False |
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The ancient Maya used several calender cycles simultaneously. The two main cycles are a 365 day, and a 185 day. True or False? |
False |
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Symbols are arbitrary, that is, new symbols can be created when necessary. True or false? |
False |
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The image of Lord Pakel on the carving in Temple of Inscriptions is evidence of astranauts from other worlds. True or False? |
False |
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The cross was an early symbol of Christianity and appears in 1st Century Christian art. True or false? |
False |
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The Islamic calendar is a solar calendar. True or false? |
False |
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The totem is a symbol associated with a particular social group. True or false? |
True |
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The psychoduct found in Lord Pakals tomb connected the tomb to the temple on top of the pyramid. True or false? |
True |
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Lord Pakal died and was entombed in the Temple of Inscriptions in Palenque on Aug. 31, 1123 BC. True or false? |
False |
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All languages have a similar set of basic color terms in terms of number and meaning. True or false? |
False |
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Different Yoruba dieties, or ORISHA, can be identified, in part, by the colors used in their representations True or false? |
True |
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aobjects and actions whose meanings are arbritary and conventional are known as what? |
Symbols |
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LOrd Pakal, a mayan ruler of Palenque ruled what century? |
seventh century |
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What does the term 'openness,' when referring to symbols mean? |
You can create new symbols |
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Lord Pakal ruled what is now called the site of Palenque. Palenque was built by what ancient society? |
The mayans |
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Among the Yuroba, who were the Orisha? |
spirit beings |
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What calendar do we have today that is secular? |
The gregorian calendar |