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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a generalized cell contains
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Cytoplasm, nucleus, plasma membrane
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the plasma membrane is made up of what
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phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
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Lipid rafts
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outer membrane surface concentraiting platforms for cell signaling molecules
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Integral proteins
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involved in transport as channels or carriers
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Peripheral proteins
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motor proteins, support, cell to cell links
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Tight junction
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fused together, impermeable
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Desmosome
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mechanical couplings (stitches)
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Gap Junction
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communication junction (2 straws)
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what is the difference between passive membrane transport and active membrane transport
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passive does not require atp
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Diffusion is moving what substances in what direction
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nonpolar and lipid soluble; high to low through lipid bilayer
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whats the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
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simple-substances move directly through the lipid bilayer
facilitated- needs another substance to get through |
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2 types of facilitated diffusion
and the difference |
carrier protein mediated-shows specifity to particular polar substances or classes of substances
channel protein mediated-selective to pore size and AA charges |
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Osmosis is the diffusion of _____ from ____ to _____
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water from low to high
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Isotonic
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solute is same inside the cell as outside, no change in cell
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hypertonic
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solute is higher outside of cell, cell shrinks
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hypotonic
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solute inside of the cell is higher, cell will burst
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hydrostatic pressure
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blood pressure, pushing solute containing liquid from high pressure to low pressure
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2 types of active transport
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primary and secondary
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Energy for primary active transport comes from where?
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hydrolysis of atp
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Energy for secondary active transport comes from where?
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primary
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what is antiport
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2 substances moved across in opposite directions
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what is symport
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2 substances moved across in the same direction
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what is vesicular transport
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the transport of large molecules across the plasma membrane
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what is endocytosis
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the type of vesicular transport that allows macromolecules to enter the cell
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what is exocytosis
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the type of vesicular transport that allows macromolecules to exit the cell
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what is pinocytosis
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plasma membrane infolds bringing extracellular fluids and solutes
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what is phagocytosis
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pseudopods engulf solids and bring them in
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what is receptor mediated endocytosis
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extracellular substances bind to specific receptor proteins allowing membrane to capture molecules
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what is the resting membrane potential
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inside of cell is more negative than outside, all cells are polar
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what 2 ways do cells interact
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cell adhesion molecules
membrane receptor roles |
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what are cell adhesion molecules
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sticky glycoproteins that anchor cells to extracellular matrix, signal for white blood cells, stimulate synthesis or degradation
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what are membrane receptor roles
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integral proteins and glycoproteins that assist in cell recognition through physical touch, chemical and electrical signalling, hormones
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what are the three types of ligand
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hormones, neurotransmitters, and paracrines
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what is the difference between a hormone and a paracrine
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paracrines are made locally and stay local
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ligands bind to receptor
--->________----> cell proteins are altered |
receptor changes shape
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ligand binds to receptor--->g-protein_________------->______
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activates second messenger
second messenger causes cascade reaction in cell |
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what are the two most important second messengers
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amp and CA+2
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cytoplasm where is it and whats it made of
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between plasma membrane and nucleus
made of cytosol, cytoplasmic organelles, and inclusions |
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what are the membraneous cytoplasmic organelles
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mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus
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what are the nonmembraneous cytoplasmic organelles
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cytoskeleton, centriols, ribosomes
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what are microfilaments
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strands of protein actin
braces/strengthens cells surfaces |
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what are intermediate filaments
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tough insoluble protein fibers
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what are microtubules
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protein tubulin, hollow tubes
determine shape of cell and organell distribution |
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motor molecules use
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atp
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cilia
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whiplike
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Interphase
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growth, synthesis, growth
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g1
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metabolic activity, vigerous growth
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G0
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cells permenately cease dividing stay in this phase
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g2
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enzymes/proteins synthesized and distributed through cell, centrioles have replicated
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Mitosis
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seperation of replicated dna
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cytokinesis
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final forming of cell membrane
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prophase
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chromatin condenses to chromatid
nuclear membrane and nucleoli disappear |
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metaphase
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chromosomes line up in middle
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anaphase
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centromeres split
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telophase
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chromatid movement stops
new nuclear membrane is formed spindle disappears |
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MRNA
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carries recipe from dna in nucleus to ribosomes in cytoplasm
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RRNA
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structural component
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TRNA
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carries AA to ribosome to create protein
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RNA Polymerase
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unwinds DNA template
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Receptor
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moniters environment and responds to stimuli
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Control Center
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determines set point at which variable is maintained; coordinates response through efferent pathways
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Effector
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carries out response directed by control center
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Lysomes perform what cellular function
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digestion
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Which cell organell is responsible for generating the energy the cell uses to perform work?
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mitochondrion
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Which of the following cell organelles possesses oxidase enzymes that function in neutralizing harmful free radicals?
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peroxisome
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Which nucleic-acid molecules are involved in transcription but not translation in the synthesis of a particular polypeptide?
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DNA
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what are considered anchoring junctions?
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desmosomes
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Lysomes perform what cellular function
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digestion
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Which cell organell is responsible for generating the energy the cell uses to perform work?
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mitochondrion
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Which of the following cell organelles possesses oxidase enzymes that function in neutralizing harmful free radicals?
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peroxisome
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Which nucleic-acid molecules are involved in transcription but not translation in the synthesis of a particular polypeptide?
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DNA
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what are considered anchoring junctions?
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desmosomes
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Necessary life functions of cells
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Excretion, Reproduction, Growth
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Survival needs
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Nutrients
Oxygen Water Normal Body Temp Atmostpheric Pressure |
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Negative Feedback
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Response reduces or shuts off original stimulus
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Positive Feedback
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output enhances the original stimulus
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Saggital
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verticle plane divides body into right and left
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Necessary life functions of cells
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Excretion, Reproduction, Growth
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Survival needs
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Nutrients
Oxygen Water Normal Body Temp Atmostpheric Pressure |
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Negative Feedback
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Response reduces or shuts off original stimulus
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Positive Feedback
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output enhances the original stimulus
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Saggital
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verticle plane divides body into right and left
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Frontal
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verticle plane that divides body into front and back
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Transverse
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divides the body into superior and infererior, opposite of saggital
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Oblique
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cuts made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes
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