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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dominion of New England
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Created by King James II - included New England colonies, New York and New Jersey
In response to colonists noncompliance with Navigation Acts |
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Salutary Neglect
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British policy towards colonies
Characterized by lack of enforcement or interference in colonial govt. |
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Writs of Assistance
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Allowed British officials to search for smuggled goods in a persons home
No evidence required / Illegal search and seizures |
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Stamp Act
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1st direct tax on colonies = tax on all printed materials
$ used to pay for colonial protection Raised issue of taxation without representation |
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Sons of Liberty
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Secret colonial organization created to oppose enforcement of Samp Act
Attacked tax collectors, homes of British officials |
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Quartering Act
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Colonists forced to house and feed British soldiers
Created to cut down on expense of British soldiers in colonies |
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Declaratory Act
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Same day as Stamp Act
Gave Parliament power to make laws in colonies |
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Towshend Acts
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Tax on glass, lead, paper, tea
$ used to pay for British official in colonies |
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Boston Massacre
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Clash between Boston citizens and British soldiers
Represented growing resentment towards British soldiers in the colonies |
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Boston Tea Party
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Sons of Liberty disguised as Native Americans
Dumped tea into Boston harbor in protest of new tea act Resulted in Coercive Acts |
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Coercive Acts
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Laws to punish Boston for Tea Party
AKA Intolerable Acts Closed port of Boston, limited ability for self-government |
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Quebec Act
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Catholic Church in Quebec given special rights
Made colonists angry/nervous that Catholic church would be forced on colonies |
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First Continental Congress
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12/13 colonies met in Phil
Supported Suffolk Resolves = boycot against GB Called for repeal of Coercive and Quebec Acts |
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Second Continental Congress
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Created Continental Army for American Revolution
Assumed Government Functions |
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Olive Branch Petition
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Message from 2nd Cotinental Congress to King George before American Revolution
Last chance for peace King did not accept |
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"Common Sense"
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Written by Thomas Paine
Explianed colonists case for Indpendence Increased support for Independence |
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Declaration of Independence
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Declared and explained colonies reasons for Independence
Based on ideas of John Locke = Natural Rights |
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Northwest Ordinance
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After American Revolution
Established process in which territories became states |
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Federalists
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Favored strong central govt / Constitution
Federal Power over State Power Also name of political party in 1790's (John Adams) |
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Anti-Federalists
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Opposed Constitution because it favored wealthy
State Power over Federal Power |
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"The Federalist Papers"
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Essays explaining / defending the Constitution
Examined failures of Articles of Confederation and need for strong central govt |
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Democrat-Republicans
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Political party = emerged out of Anti-Federalists
Appposed Hamilton's Economic Program US = Nation of small farmers Thomas Jefferson / James Madison |
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Sedition Act
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Against the law to criticize the govt
Goal = limit popularity and growth of the Democrat-Republicans |
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Alien Act
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President had power to deport aliens considered to be dangerous
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
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Declared Alien / Sedition Acts unconstitutional
Started idea of States Right to nulligy unconstitutional laws |
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Revolution of 1800
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Used to describe the election of Thomas Jefferson
1st transtion from of power from one party to another Federalists (John Adams) to Democrat-Republicans (Thomas Jefferson) |
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Midnight Judges
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Federalist Judges appointed by John Adams during last days before Jefferson took over presidency
Offical name Judicary Act 1801 Led to Marbury v. Madison |
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War Hawks
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Memebers of Congress who wanted war against GB (War of 1812)
Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun |
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Hartford Convention
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Representatives from New England States
Opposed War of 1812 / Death of Federalists Discussed changes to Constitution |
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Era of Good Feelings
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Phrase used to describe presidency of James Monroe
Only 1 political patry - death of Federalists in 1816 Election of 1820 = Monroe ran unopposed Strong nationalist period following War of 1812 |
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Missouri Compromise 1820
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Temporarily maintained balance between slave and free states
Missour = slave state / Maine = free state Slavery prohibited north of 36/30 line |
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Corrupt Bargain
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Accusation made by A. Jackson regarding election 1824
Election decided by House of Representatives Henry Clay supported John Quincy Adams in return for being named Secretary of State |
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Spoils System
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Provided jobs for supporters of victorious presidential candidates
Introduced during Jackson's presidency Contributed to corruption in govt |
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Nullification Crisis
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South Carolina passed nullification of Tariff on 1828 / 1832 and threatened secession
Pres. Jackson response = No state could refuse to obey law Compromise made after threat of military use agaisnt SC |
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Bank Veto
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Pres Jackson agaisnt recharter of Second Bank of US
Jackson claimed bank was unconstitutional Became known as "Bank War" |
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Whig Party
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Mixture of Southern Planters, Northern Industrialists, Anti-Jackson Democrats
Referred to Jackson as "King Jackson" |
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Kitchen Cabinet
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Close groups of friengs - advised president Andrew Jackson
No formal Cabinet meetings were held |
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Webster-Hayne Debate
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Congressional Debate
Example of growing sectinalism Hayne criticised north = Tariffs / Oppostion to War of 1812 Webster criticized south = nullification |
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Maysville Road Veto
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Pres. Jackson veto = construction of Kentucky road
Believed states should pay for own improvements Henry Clay = supported bill / internal improvements |
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Second Party System
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Democrats / Whigs = 2 dominant political parties
Democrats = South / West, middle class / workers / imigrants Whigs = New England / Mid West, wealthy / Plantation Owners |
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Underground Railroad
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1830 - 1865 - system of safe houses assisting runaway slaves
Harriet Tubman = notable leader South angry = Fugitive Slave Act never enforced |
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Annexation of Texas
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Texas requested annexation after independence from Mexico
Problem = Texas would upset balance of free / slave states Democrat James Polk elected on campaign to annex Texas |
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Wilmot Proviso
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Proposed Amendment to prohibit slavery in territory acquired through Mexican Cession
Never became law Free-Soil and Rep Party both opposed expansion of slavery |
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Free-Soil Party
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Opposed expansion of slavery in all new territories
Former president Martin Van Buren ran in election 1848 |
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Popular Sovereignty
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Idea that the people living in each territory should decide free or slave state for themselves
Major componet of Compromise 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act Poetentially oppened all new territories to slavery |
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Compromise of 1850
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Solved dispute over territories acquired from Mexican-American War
California added as Free / Popular Sovereignty for New Mexico and Utah territories / Slave trade abolished in D.C./ Stronger Fugitive Slave Act |
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Fugitive Slave Act
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Part of Compromise of 1850
Allowed federal officers to return runaway slaves Fines / Jail for aiding runaway slaves Enforcement resisted by North |
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Repealed Missouri Compromise (1820)
Opened lands previously closed to slavery Kansas and Nebraska open to popular sovereignty |
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Republican Party
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Formed out of Northern Whigs and Democrats opposed to Kansas-Nebraska Act
Opposed expansion of slavery Supported high tariffs to protect industry |
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Bleeding Kansas
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Violent conflict between pro and anti slavery groups in Kansas
Cuased by popular sovereignty and Kansas-Nebraska Act Events included Senator Cane beating, Pottawatomie Massacure |
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Dred Scott Decsion
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Supreme Court ruled slaves = property
Slave had no rights in court |
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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Abraham Lincoln (Rep) v. Stephen Douglas (Dem)
Caused a split between Northern and Southern Democrats |
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John Brown's Raid
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Attack on Federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry led by John Brown
Plan = use weapons to start slave revolt in Virginia Group captured, tried, executed / Brown = Martyr South convinced the North was behind the plan |
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Crittenden Compromise
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Last attempt for a compromise before Civil War
Extended Missouri Compromise to Pacific Coast Limited power of Congress to interfere with slavery |
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Process of Secession
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South Carolina = 1st after election of 1860
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas = Jan/Feb 1861 Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia after attack on Fort Sumter April 1861 |
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Border States
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Slave states that did not secede
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri Emancipation Proclamation did not apply to them |
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Fort Sumter
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Federal military post in South Carolina
Confederacy demanded surrender of forth and attacked Viewed as immediate cause of Civil War |
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Wade-Davis Bill
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Post Civil War
Early Congressional plan for reconstruction - blocked by Lincoln Loyalty Oaths, Slavery prohibited in new constitutions |
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Andrew Johnson Reconstruction
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Similar to Lincoln
New state govts must abolish slavery, elect new members to Congress |
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Civil Rights Act 1866
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Defined citizen = any person born in US
Citizenship not based on race / color Vetoed by Pres. Andrew Johnson |
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Military Reconstruction
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Congress divided South into 5 military districts with military governors
Forced constitutional convention, universal male suffrage, recognize blacks right to vote Ratify 14th Amendment |
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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
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Pres. Johnson fired Sec.War Edwin Stanton
Violated tenure Office Act 1 vote short |
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Tweed Ring
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Political Machine led by "Boss" Tweed
Used influence to steal millions Gave food, aid to immigrants in exchange for votes |
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Credit Moblier Scandal
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Fake corporation used to steal $ from govt railroad contracts
Members of Congress took bribes Part of the corruption during Ulysses S. Grant's presidency |
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Compromise of 1877
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Resolved election of 1876
Rutherford Hayes (Rep) given presidency in exchange for an end to military reconstructon, $ for internal improvements in south |
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Pendelton Civil Service Reform Act
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Developed competitive exams for federal job openings
Goal to limit coruption in govt. |
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Populist Party
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Powerful Third Party - represented farmers interests
Goals = Free Silver, Railroad regulation, graduated income tax, direct election senator, 8 hr work day |
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Meat Inspection Act
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Response to meat packing industry described in "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair
Provided for inspections and sanitary regulation |
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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Prohibited adulteration and improperly labeling of food and drugs
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Direct Primary
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Progressive reform - started at state level
Allowed voters to select candidate to run in general election Created to challenge political machines |
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Initiative / Referendum / Recall
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Progressive reform - started at state level
1. ability to pub something on the ballot 2. citizens vote on proposed or enacted laws 3. ability for voters to remove an elected official |
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New Nationalism
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Theodore Roosevelt
Govt. regulation of business Control of monopolies Limit corporations influence in govt Conservation of resources |
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New Freedom
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Woodrow Wilson
Eliminate trusts / restore competition Worried about expansion of govt power More responsibility to the states |
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Progressive Party
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Powerful Third Party
Supported strong Fed govt, women's suffrage, min wage, protective tariff, regulation of business Party failed, but ideas lived on |
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Espionage Act
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Penalties for interence with draft, aiding enemy
Govt. = power to remove dangerous material from mail Goal - silence opposition to WWI |
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Sedition Act
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Made it illegal to print anything false or scandalous
Supreme Court ruled it did not violate Freedom Speech Goal - silence opposition to WWI |
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Palmer Raids
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Round up of suspected radicals / communists
Led by Attorney General A. Mitchel Palmer Caused by anti-foreign sentiment after WWI, labor conflicts, bombings |
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Teapot Dome Scandal
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Sec.Interior Albert Fall - leased govt oil reserves to private companies
Fall took bribe During Warren Harding's presidency |
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Fireside Chats
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Radio broadcasts of FDR during Great Depression
Explained banking holiday and Emergency Banking Relief Act Helped to restore confidence during depression |
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Townsend Plan
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Old age pension / Dr. Francis Townsend
60+ recieve $200 per month / must spend $ each month Similar idea to Social Security |
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Share Our Wealth
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Sen. Huey Long
$5K to every American family Paid for by high income taxes on the rich |
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America First Committee
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Isolationist group leading up to WWII
Focus = build up US defense in case of attack Disbanded after attack on Pearl Harbor |
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Selective Service Act
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1st peacetime draft in US history
Men ages 21-36 registered / serve 12 months 1941 age lowered to 18 / serve 18 months |
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Fairl Employment Practices Committee
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Executive order to prohibit discriminaton in defense industries
Race, creed, color or national origin Created in response to threatened march on Washignton |
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Loyalty Program
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Creted by Pres. Truman in response to 2nd Red Scare after WWII
Federal employees investigated |
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National Security Act
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Reorganized intellegence agencies after WWII
National Security Council and CIA were established Department of Defense control military (Army/Navy/Air Force) |
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Fair Deal
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Pres. Truman's domestic program
Civil Rights, national health insurance, public housing, increase in min wage, expansion Social Security Litmited success / Republicans resisted |
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Checkers Speech
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Vice Pres. Nixon - response to charge that he used campaign contributors for personal matters
Live on TV - Checkers name of dog given by supporters Dog was only gift and he refused to give it back |
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McCarthyism
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Anti-Communist hysteria - led by Sen Joseph McCarthy
Fear of communists taking over Federal government Led to civil liberties violations, arrests, deportations |
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Civil Rights Act 1957
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1st significant civil rights legislation since Reconstruction
Established Civil Rights Division of Justice Department Civil Rights Commission = investigate voter interference |
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NASA
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National Aeronautics and Space Administratio
Created in response to launching of Sputnik Apollo Program = $billions for man on moon = 11 yrs |
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New Frontier
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JFK's domestic and foreign policy
Economic expansion, relief for the poor, space exploration, civil rights, Cold War defense |
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Desegregation of University of Mississippi
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James Meredith - denied admission
Supreme Court ordered admission / JFK sent federal marshals to enforce rulling Violence broke out - 20K troops sent in |
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Civil Rights Act 1964
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Prohibited discrimination in public places
Prohibited discrimination in employment based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin Created EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
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Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
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Established 1964 - challenged regular Dem party in state
Sent own delegates to National Convention in oppostion to the state's all-white delegates |
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Great Society
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LBJ campiagn slogan 1964 electin and domestic program
Goals = end poverty, improve public education, expand health coveragge, urban development Expanded role of Fed govt / extended New Deal tradition |
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Voting Rights Act
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Prohibited literacy tests
Federal official registered voters in south Dramatic increase in African-American voter registration |
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1968 Democratic National Convention
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Massive anti-war protest in Chicago
"Police Riot" blamed on Chicago mayor Richard Daley Major oppostion to Dem. view on Vietnam |
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New Federalism
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Pres. Nixon's policy of shifting funding and responsibility from Fed govt to state and local govts
$ provided through revenue sharing |
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Watergate Burlary
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5 men arrested for breaking into Dem. Natl Comm headquarter in DC
Men were involved in Nixon's reelection campaign Nixon and top aids obstructed investigation |
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Pres. Nixon's Resignation
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Supreme Court ordered Nixon to release Oval Office tapes
Nixon up for Impeachment on obstruction of justice Nixon resigned Aug 8, 1974 |
