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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Tendons
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Dense fibrous connective tissue
Cord-like shape Composed of collagen with some elastin fibers Have strong tensile strength Connect muscle to bone Transmit force from muscle to bone to create movement Surrounded by peritendinous or synovial tendon sheath Bound by sheets retinaculum Poor blood supply Attached to bone by structures known as Sharpey Fibers |
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Properties of Skeletal Connective Tissue
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Excitability
Contractility Extensibility Elasticity Plasticity Creep Tensile Strength Weight Bearing |
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Excitability Definition
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Responsive to mechanical, electrical, or chemical stimuli
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Contractility Definition
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Develops tension
Unique to muscular tissue |
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Extensibility (stretch) Definition
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To lengthen
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Elasticity (viscoelasticity) Definition
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Returns to resting length after being stretched
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Plasticity (viscoplasticity) Definition
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Shape can change, and then retain original shape
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Creep Definition
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Gradual change in tissue shape when slow sustained force is applied over time
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Tensile Strength Definition
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Able to withstand tension forces
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Weight Bearing Definition
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Sustained compressive forces due to body weight
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Types of Muscle Tissue
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Skeletal
Cardiac Smooth |
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Skeletal Muscle Characteristics
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Voluntary
Striated appearance due to alternating A bands and I bands Contain skeletal muscle tissue and fibrous fascia |
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Skeletal Muscle Tissue
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Muscle Fibers- primary structural and functional units of muscle
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Fibrous Fascia
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Surrounds the entire muscle
Continues to form tendons |
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Types of Skeletal Muscle
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Parallel (Longitudinal) Muscles- Fibers arranged in parallel manner
Pennate-Fibers arrange in oblique manner from central tendon |
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Types of Parallel Muscles
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Flat
Fusiform Triangular Strap Sphincter Spiral |
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Flat Muscle Characteristics
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Thin and Broad
Ex: Rectus abdominis |
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Fusiform Muscle Characteristics
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Spindle Shaped
Ex: Brachioradialis |
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Triangular Muscle Characteristics
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Fan Shaped
Ex: Trapezius |
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Strap Muscle Characteristics
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Long Parallel Manner
Ex: Sartorius |
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Sphincter Muscle Characteristics
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Circular
Around a body opening Ex: Orbicularis Occuli |
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Spiral Muscle Characteristics
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Arranged around long axis
Ex: Latissimus Dorsi |
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Types of Pennate Muscle
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Unipennate
Bipennate Multipennate |
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Characteristics of Unipennate Muscles
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Diagonally arranged fibers from a central tendon on one side only
Ex: Brachialis |
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Characteristics of Bipennate Muscles
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Diagonally arranged fibers from a central tendon on both sides
Ex: Biceps Femoris |
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Characteristics of Multipennate Muscles
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Diagonally arranged fibers from multiple tendons
Ex: Deltoid |
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Muscle Fiber Types
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Type I (Slow Twitch)
Type IIA (Intermediate) Type IIB (Fast Twitch) |
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Type I Muscle Fiber (Slow Twitch) Characteristics
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Slow oxidative
Small in diameter Red in color High myoglobin content Slow speed of contraction Slow rate of fatigue |
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Type IIA Muscle Fiber (Intermediate) Characteristics
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Fast oxidative glycolytic
Intermediate in diameter Red in color Intermediate myoglobin content Fast speed of contraction Intermediate rate of fatigue |
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Type IIB Muscle Fiber (Fast Twitch) Characteristics
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Fast glycolytic
Large in diameter White in color Low myoglobin content Fast speed of contraction Fast rate of fatigue |
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Agonist Definition
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Muscle that contracts to move a muscle directly
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Antagonist Definition
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Action opposite of agonist
Muscle that lengthens |
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Synergist Definition
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Assists the agonist
Increases movement efficiency Prevents unnecessary movement |
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Fixator Definition
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Stops unwanted action at fixed attachment point of a muscle
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Neutralizer Definition
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Prevents unwanted action at mobile attachment point of a muscle
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Isometric (Static) Contraction Definition
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Tension is developed within a muscle but no movement occurs
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Isotonic (Dynamic) Contraction Definition
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Tension is developed within a muscle that causes or controls movement of a joint
Types: Concentric Eccentric |
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Concentric Contraction Definition
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Tension is developed as muscle shortens
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Eccentric Contraction Definition
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Tension is developed as muscle lengthens
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Sliding Filament Theory: Shortening Process Steps
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1) Action potential is sent to muscle
2) Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions into the sarcoplasm 3) Calcium ions attach to troponin molecules of actin filaments 4) Troponin moves tropomyosin out of the way, which exposes actin-binding sites 5) Myosin heads attach to actin-binding sites that create cross bridges between myosin and actin 6) Myosin cross bridge pulls actin toward the center of the sarcomere 7) Action potential ends |
