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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name 7 characteristics of life. (3)
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a)order
b)evolutionary adaption c)response to environment d)regulation e)energy processing f)growth and development g)reproduction |
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Explain the order of life, from molecules to biosphere. (4-5)
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Molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere.
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Def: The entire library of genetic instructions of an organism. (8)
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Genome
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Def: Properties that emerge with each step upwards in the hierarchy of life. (9)
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Emergent properties
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Def: Reducing complex systems to simpler components. (9)
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Reductionism
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Def: Anything with a mass that takes up space. (33)
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Matter
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Def: 2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio. (33)
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Compound
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Def: Elements required by an organism in only minute quantaties.(33)
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Trace elements
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Which bonds are the strongest?(38)
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Covalent bonds
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Def: Weak attractions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized charge fluctuations. (42)
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Van der waals interactions
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Name four behaviours of water that make it essential to life. (48)
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a)Cohesion
b)Moderation of temperature c)Insulation due to floating ice d)Good solvent |
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Describe one use for cohesion in water, and how it works. (48)
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Due to the hydrogen bonding, a substantial amount of moleules are constantly binding. This helps with adhesion, and is how trees bring water upwards.
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Why does water have a high specific heat? (48)
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Most of the heat goes towards the disruption of hydrogen bonds. When the temperature drops, many bonds break, slowing its descent.
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How does water become less dense when it freezes? (48)
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When water freezes, the hydrogen bonds crystallize and form a lattice-type network, expanding the water and making it 10% less dense than water.
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Name two techniques that water uses to dissolve solutes that make it a good solvent.
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a)With an ionic solute, the positive ions cling to the oxygen, and the anions cling to the hydrogen.
b)With other solutes, the water surrounds each ion and forms a "hydration shell". |
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Def: a stable suspension of fine particles in liquid. (52)
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Colloid
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Def: 6.02 E-23 (52)
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Avagadro's number
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Def: Amount of heat required for 1g of substance to change 1 degree celsius. (49)
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Specific heat
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Def: Common name for the specific heat of water. (49)
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Calorie
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Def: Molecules with only carbon and hydrogen. (63)
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Hydrocarbon
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The right and left hands are examples of what type of isomer? (50~)
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Enantiomers
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Def: Biological molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions. (63)
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Functional Groups
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-OH
Commonly known as alcohols. What type of molecule is this? |
Hydroxyl
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-SH
Commonly known as thiols. What is this? (63) |
Sulfhydryl
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Def: Covalent bond between two sugars. (66)
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Covalent bond between two sugars.
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List 3 common types of monosaccharides. (66)
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a)glucose
b)galactose c)fructose |
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List 3 common types of disacchardies. (66)
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a)sucrose
b)maltose c)lactose |
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List 3 common types of polysaccharides. (66)
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a)starch
b)glycogen c)cellulose |