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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a cardiovascular disease? |
Cardiovascular disease encompasses any disease of the heart or blood vessels. |
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Chronic diseases account for _______% of morality in our Canadian society. |
75 |
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Atherosclerosisis a fatty _________ accumulation that occurs at the inner most layer of the blood vessel: the ____________ |
plaque; endothelium |
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What ratio of LDL and HDL will be a risk factor for atherosclerosis? |
Highlevels of LDL and low levels of HDL |
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A_________ tumor usually does not present any health problems other than sizerelated ones. |
Benign |
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A ________ tumor is a cancer and can spread to other tissue beds. |
malignant |
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Whatis the function of the p53 gene? |
Normallystops cells with abnormal DNA from multiplying and even causes them to undergoapoptosis (i.e. suicide) |
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Whatare the stages of tumor development? |
1. a cell is genetically altered |
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List 3 carcinogens. |
Asbestos; Benzene ; Tobacco ; Radon |
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What are the 'Big 4' common cancers? |
Lung,breast, prostate, colorectal cancers |
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Why is skin cancer not considered a part of the 'Big 4'? |
Ithas very low death rate |
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There are about ___ essential nutrients required by your body. There are ___macronutrients and the rest are micronutrients. |
45; 4 |
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What are the 4 macronutrients? |
Carbohydrates,proteins, fats, fibre |
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How many calories are there in a Calorie? |
1000 |
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How many joules are there in 1 cal? |
4.18 |
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What is the difference between a high quality (aka complete) protein and a low quality (aka incomplete) protein? |
Complete:contains all the essential amino acids and in the correct amounts needed by thebody. (animal proteins, eggs, cheese and soy)Incomplete: do not contain all the essentialamino acids or they do not contain the correct amounts of amino acids requiredby the body. (most plant proteins) |
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What are the 2 essential fatty acids? |
Linoleic(omega 6) and alpha linoleic (omega 3) |
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Why do you need a lot of carbohydrates in your diet? |
Forthe CNS and red blood cells, glucose is their only source of fuel. |
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What are the 2 types of vitamins? |
Fat soluble and water soluble |
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Antioxidants are chemicals that neutralize ______ _______. They are very _______molecules and can damage cell membranes and mutate DNA. |
free radicals; reactive |
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Phytochemicals are considered ___ - _______ which really means that are not caloric, vitamins,or minerals |
non - nutritive |
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It is estimated that ____% of foods in Canada contain some amount of GM. |
70% |
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What is physical fitness? |
the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigour and alertness without undue fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure time pursuits and meet unforeseen emergencies |
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What are the components of physical fitness? |
1) Cardiovascular fitness 2) Muscular endurance 3) Strength 4) Flexibility 5) Body composition |
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What is an immutable factor? |
A factor which cannot be changed such as age, sex, genetics |
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What do HDLs and LDLs do? |
HDLs (High density lipoproteins) transport cholesterol from rest of body to the liver. LDLs (Low density lipoproteins) transport cholesterol from liver to the rest of the body. |
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How much of cancer can be related to family history? |
10-20% |
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What is known as the tumour suppressor gene? |
p53 gene |
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Describe Dysplasia. |
A stage in tumour developmentwith more growth and now the cells have abnormal shapes. With more time another(rare) mutation may occur. |
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Tobacco smoke counts for __% of incidences of lung cancer |
90% |
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Name at least 3 guides to detecting cancer (caution) |
C hange in bowel or bladder habits A sore that doesn't heal U nusual bleeding or discharge O bvious change in wart or mole |
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Difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes? |
type 1: Born with it, beta cells in pancreas do not produce insulin type 2: resultsfrom the inability of cells to respond to insulin appropriately to get theglucose into the cell or not enough insulin is being made. Accounts for 90% ofall diabetes cases. Treatment is diet and exercise. |
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What substance in fruit prevented sailors from getting scurvy? |
Vitamin C |
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What are the 4 macronutrients? |
Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates, Fibre |
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Recommended percentage of fats in your diet? |
30% |
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5 examples of "phyto foods"? |
Soy, tomatoes, broccoli,garlic, flax seeds, citrus fruits, melons, pink grapefruit, blueberries, sweetpotatoes, chilli peppers, and legumes |
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What does HRT stand for? |
Hormone replacement therapy
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Beriberi is a deficiency in what? |
Vitamin B1 |
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Difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? |
saturated: Solid at rm temp, unsaturated: liquid at rm temp |
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How many different kinds of amino acids are there? |
20 |
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What vitamins are degraded by heat, light, and air? |
water soluble vitamins (B and C) |
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What contributes to the development of osteoporosis? |
low dietary calcium, lack of weight bearing exercise, low estrogen (in women) |
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What dietary deficiencies are most problematic for vegetarians? |
iron and b-12 vitamin deficiencies |
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What is glycemic index? |
compares how high blood sugar increases after ingestion of a food compared to the ingestion of 50-100g glucose |
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Diets with a high ______________ reduce HDL and are associated with__________. |
Glycemic index, diabetes |
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Name 3 health concerns sedentary people are at risk for. |
Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis, cancer, atherosclerosis, back pain |
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What does FITT stand for? |
Frequency, intensity, time, and type |
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Whichmacronutrient has nitrogen it? |
Protein |
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Whatis the bacterial-made vitamin in your intestines? |
Vitamin K
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High fibre slows _________ time.
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transit |
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Whatis the recommended percentage of protein in your diet? |
10-15% |
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Listthe top 2 cancers in men and women. |
Men: lung, prostate Women: Lung, breast |
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What is a mutable factor? |
a factor which can be controlled such as diet and exercise |
