Bpk Midterm Study Questions

Muscle, fat, bone

Female somatotype is more endomorphic and less mesomorphic. Average woman has more fat, smaller bones, and less muscle

Relative predominance of soft roundness throughout the body

Relative predominance of muscle, bone, and connective tissue

TheHeath and carter method takes anthropometric measurements such as skinfolds,bone diameters, and muscle girths. It also expanded the rating scale from 7 to 12 accommodate extreme body types.

No, as it maychange as a result of environmental influences. For example, both adult men andwomen tend to become more endomorphic with age.

Mostathletes need to be predominantly muscular, which is basically mesomorphy inorder to perform many of the movements associated with sports.

Viscerotonia,Somatotonia, Cerenrotonia

Body mass= Fat mass + Lean body Mass

Body weight uses acceleration to gravity

Male type obesity excess fat is deposited in the uppertorso and abdomen. It is associated with greater risk of cardiovasculardisease.

Female type obesity is characterized by excess fat deposited below thewaist in the thighs, hips, and buttocks.

locatedin the marrow of bones as well as the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, intestines,muscles, and lipid rich tissues of CNS, required for normal physiologicalfunctioning.

Composed of bone, muscle, organs, tissue

Similarto fat free mass but includes a small amount of fat within the tissuestructure.

Consistsof fat that accumulates in adipose tissue. Used for energy supply purposes,located directly under the skin.

fatty or adipose tissue lying directly under the skin layers

amount of fat and fat free mass there is in the body.

measures fat, protein, mineral and water. It breaks the non–fat stuff into more detail.

States that an object submerged in water is acted on by a buoyant force equal to the weight of the water that it displaces.

-type 2 diabetes mellitus

-hypertension

-coronary artery disease

-stroke

-sleep apnea

-fluid electrolyte imbalances

-osteoporosis

-bone fractures

-muscle wasting

-Does not take into account ethnic variations

-Cannot distinguish between overweight and overfat

-Human body has only two compartments - fat and non fat

-Each of these compartments has densities that are known constants

<18.5

18.5-24.9

25.0-29.9

Class 1 30-34.9

Class 2 35.0-39.9

Higher than 40

Weight in kg/height in m^2

-Doesnt take into account big bones muscular people or small boned people with little muscle mass

Pros: The calipers are not overly expensive.It does not require sophisticated equipment.It's portable.It's fast.

Cons:This procedure relies on an assumption that may or may not be true: the fat under the skin is proportional to the total body fat.The equations were developed based on normal weight people. Applying them to people with excess fat may be inaccurate.Some measurements cannot be done without the help of another person.The amount of tissue picked up to form the skinfold can vary.You get different results depending on how hard you pinch the fold of skin. More expensive calipers are more accurate.

-Constant density of fat and fat free tissue exists in two compartment model

-proper identification of measurement site and technique used

-Constant compressibility of skinfold exists

-Adipose tissue patterning is fixed, constant, in all individuals

-fixed proportion of internal to external fat exists

Impedance in adipose tissue is greater than that in bone and muscle

Adiposity rating (A–rating) –proportional weight rating (W–rating) –stanine scale

The Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) Physical Activity Training for Health (CSEP-PATH) Resource Manual contains a battery of tests used to assess muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, aerobic endurance, and body composition.

Saran wrap layer of connective tissue

Layer of connective tissue surrounding bundle fibres

Connective tissue covering entire muscle

1) distance curve: Measurement taken at intervals are plotted against time to produce a graph of progress.

2. Velocity curve: increments in growth are plotted against time.

3. Longitudinal data: Growth curve derived from a single individual or repeated measurements of the same group over a period of years. cross–sectional data: several age groups are measure and compared.

The onset of menstruation: 11–15 years of age. All girls menstruate when their height velocity is falling.

1. Radiological (skeletal) age 2. Dental Age: first set of teeth 6 months–2 yrs. Lose teeth 6–13 3. Growth Curves: The timing of the peak height velocity and peak weight velocity are useful maturity indicators. 4. Sexual Age: Secondary sexual characteristics can be a useful method of rating maturational development. 5. Neural Age:

1. Genetic Control 2. Nutrition 3. Secular trends 4. Season and Climate 5. Differences between races

Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Phosphate, collagen fibers, water

7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae, 4 coccygeal vertebrae - as you get to the bottom the bigger the bones become to support body weight

x