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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The female reproductive tract develops from the ___ ducts
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paramesonephric
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The internal genitalia consists of the __
The external genitalia consists of the __ |
uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora |
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ovarian ligament is attached to the __ by __
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pelvic wall
suspensory ligament |
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what is the capsule containing the ovaries?
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tunica albuginea
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uterine tube is also called the __.
10 cm long with ciliated cells |
fallopian tube (isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, and fimbrae)
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__ is a thick-walled, pear-shaped muscular chamber opening into vagina and tilted forward over the urinary bladder
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uterus (fundus, body, cervix)
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The cervical canal connects ___ to ___
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lumen to the vagina
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The cervical glands secretes?
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mucus and are thought to prevent the spread of microorganisms
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List the 3 layers of the uterine wall
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perimetrium- external serosa
myometrium- middle muscular layer endometrium- thick outer layer |
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During pregnancy the ___ is the site of attachment of the embyro
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endometrium
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__ lubricates the vagina; “vaginal sweating”; serous fluid through the walls
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transudation
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Vaginal epithelium:
as a child? after puberty? |
simple cuboidal
stratified squamous |
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__ is the blind-ended spaces formed from the vagina extend slightly beyond the cervix
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fornices
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What is the external genitalia?
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vuvla
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Mons pubis?
Labia majora? Labia minora? |
1. mound of fat; bears public hair
2. pubic hair and adipose tissue 3. medial; hairless |
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Clitoris?
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erectile, sensory organ
homologous to glans penis |
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Vestibular bulbs?
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erectile tissue around vagina
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What muscle does the breast overly?
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pectoralis major
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What is the colored surrounding area of the nipple?
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areola
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__ is the feminizing hormones with widespread effects on the body (estradiol, estriol, and estrone)
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estrogen
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__ is the hormone that stimulates follicles to secrete estrogen & progesterone
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FSH
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thelarche?
pubarche? menarche? |
1. development of breast
2. growth of pubic & axillary hair, apocrine & sebaceous glands 3. first menstrual period (anovulatory when no egg is ovulated) |
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__ stimulates many other changes in puberty; its causes the vaginal metaplasia
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estradiol
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__ and __ suppress FSH and LH secretion through negative feedback
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Estrgoens and progesterone
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Climacteric?
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menopause; the cessation of menstruation
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__ is the sequence of events from fertilization to giving birth
__ is the events recurring every month when pregnancy does not occur |
reproductive cycle
sexual cycle |
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__ is any stage from the primary oocyte to the time of fertilization
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egg or ovum
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Egg production is called?
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oogenesis
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What hormone stimulates the completion of meiosis I?
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FSH
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__ is the maturation of the ovarian follicles
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follculogenesis
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How many days does the sexual cycle last?
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28 days
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What is the hierarchy of control for the sexual cycle?
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hypothalamus
pituitary ovaries uterus |
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What are the 3 principle stages of the ovarian cycle?
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Follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase
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corpus luteum?
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forms from the remainder of the follicle; stimulates the endometrial to thicken
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menstrual phase?
preovulatory phase? ovulation? luteal phase? premenstral phase? |
days 1-5
days 7-13 day 14 days 15-28 day 27 |
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What hormone spikes during ovulation?
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LH
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__ is the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of its egg and attendant cells typically around day 14
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ovulation; stigma appears on ovarian surface
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Fimbriae?
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catches the egg
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During the ovulation, what changes occur?
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cervical mucus becomes thinner and more stretchy; temp rises; LH spikes
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mittelschmerz?
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ovarian pain during ovulation
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What occurs during excitement?
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uterus stands more vertically, vagina dialtes, vasocongestion in labia minora and majora, moistens
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What occurs during plateau?
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uterus is tented and cervix is withdrawn from vagina, vagina constricts penis, clitoris is engorged, labia is red
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What occurs during orgasm?
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sphincters constrict
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What occurs during resolution?
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uterus returns to original position;
cervix may dip to semen, relaxation |
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Paraurethral glands is homologous to __ and is known as __
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the prostate
“female ejaculation” |
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Gestation?
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pregnancy; lasts an average of 266 days from conception to childbirth
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Term?
Trimester? |
the duration of pregnancy
3 month intervals |
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__ is all products of conception; embryo, fetus, placenta, and associated membrane
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conceptus
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__ is less than 2 weeks old
__ is from 3 to 8 weeks old __ is 9 weeks to birth a newborn up to 6 weeks old is called a __ |
blastocyst
embryo fetus neonate |
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What are the hormones of pregnancy?
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estrogen, progesterone, HCG, and HCS
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Human chorionic gonadotropin is the hormone that detects?
secreted by? |
pregnancy
trophoblast |
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Corpus luteum is the source of nutrients until ___ takes over
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the placenta
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What changes occur during pregnancy?
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pituitary and thyroid gland increase by 50%; parathyroid glands enlargen; aldosterone raises fluid retention; relaxin
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Placenta stores nutrients prior to 3rd trimester; there is a high demand for?
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protein, iron, calcium & phosphates, extra iron during late pregnancy, vitamin K and D, folic acid (spina bifida)
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chloasma?
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mask of pregnancy; dark marks
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__ is the process of giving birth by means of contraction of mother’s uterine & abdominal muscles
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Parturition
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Braxton hicks?
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false labor
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What hormone stimulates contraction?
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estrogen
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What is this?
cervical stretching -> oxytocin secretion -> uterine contraction -> cervical stretching |
positive feedback cycle increasing contractions
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What is the pain of labor mainly due to?
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ischemia of the myometrium
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Episoiotomy?
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is the incision in vaginal orifice to prevent random tearing
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What are the 3 stages of labor?
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1. dilation- cervical widening
2. expulsion- vasa maneuver 3. placental stage- placenta detaches |
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primipara?
multipara? |
first baby
more than one baby |
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What is the 6 weeks after delivery?
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puerperium; mothers anatomy returns to normal (involution is the shrinkage of the uterus)
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What forms in late pregnancy?
Milk synthesis is promoted by? |
colostrum; similar to breast milk, thinner, contains IgA
prolactin (from the pituitary) |