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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are skeletal muscle cells made up of? |
Muscle fiber |
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What three types of muscle exist in the body? |
Skeletal cardiac and smooth |
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What is the loose connective tissue outside the muscle organs that forms a flexible, sticky, "packing material" between muscles, bones, and the skin? |
Fascia |
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What is the more stationary bone that a muscle is attached to called? |
The origin |
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What is a muscle's attachment to the more movable bone called? |
The insertion |
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What tube-shaped structure is lined with synovial membranes and moistened with synovial fluid line some tendons and help facilitate body movement? |
Tendon sheaths |
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What is the internal framework of a muscle fiber made up of? |
Thick and thin myofilaments |
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What protein are thick myofilaments formed from? |
Myosin |
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What protein are thin myofilaments composed of? |
Actin |
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What is the basic functional or contractile unit of skeletal muscle? |
The sarcomere |
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What are sarcomeres separated from each other by? |
Z lines or z disks |
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What model provides how a skeletal muscle contracts? |
The sliding filament model |
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What is the red oxygen- storing pigment stored in muscle fibers? |
Myoglobin |
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What are the functions of skeletal muscle? |
Movement, posture, heat production |
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Describe a muscle contraction according to the sliding filament model |
the thick and thin myofilaments in a muscle fiber first attached to one another by forming cross Bridges but then act as levers to ratchet or pull the myofilaments past each other |
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What chemical must be present in order for the connecting bridges between the myofilaments to form? |
Calcium |
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What does calcium do when a muscle contracts? |
It binds to the blocking proteins in thin filaments and allows actin to react with myosin (connect and pull towards the center of the sarcomere) |
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Why do many muscles have high oxygen requirements? |
Because oxygen is required to transfer energy to ATP, which is required for the myosin heads to work |
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What is tension during muscle lengthening often called? |
Eccentric contraction |
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What is the muscle that is mainly responsible for producing a particular movement called? |
The prime mover |
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What are other muscles that help in producing the movement called? |
Synergist muscles |
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What muscles relax when prime movers and synergist muscles at a joint contract? |
Antagonist muscles |
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How are we able to maintain our body position? |
Through a continuous, low- strength muscle contraction called muscle tone or tonic contraction |
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What term describes the continued increased metabolism that must occur in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that accumulates during prolonged exercise? |
Oxygen debt |
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What is the technical name for oxygen debt used by exercise physiologists? |
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) |
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What condition results when a person has a nervous system disorder that shuts off impulses to certain skeletal muscles? |
Paralysis |
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What nerve fibers are muscle fibers stimulated by? |
Motor neurons |
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What is the point of contact between the nerve ending in the muscle fiber called? |
A neuromuscular junction |
NMJ |
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What is the minimum level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract called? |
The threshold stimulus |
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What are four other types of skeletal muscle contractions other than tonic contractions? |
Twitch contractions, tetanic contractions, isotonic contractions, and isometric contractions |
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Study this |
Yay ♂♂♂♂♂ |
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What are the two types of isotonic contractions? |
Concentric contraction and eccentric contraction |
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What is the difference between a concentric contraction and an eccentric contraction? |
The muscle shortens during a concentric contraction and it lengthens during an eccentric contraction |
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What kind of contraction occurs when the muscle contracts and no movement results? |
An isometric contraction |
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What is dorsiflexion? |
An ankle movement in which the dorsum, or top, of the foot is elevated with the toes pointing upward |
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Frontal muscle: origin, insertion, and function |
Occipital bone, skin of eyebrow, raises eyebrow |
When you are affronted, you might raise what part of your face? |
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What muscle closes the eye, and what is its origin and insertion? |
Orbicularis oculi. It's origin and insertion are the maxilla and frontal bone |
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Orbicularis Oris: function, origin, and insertion |
Draws lips together. Origin and insertion: encircles the lips |
" The kissing muscle" |
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Which muscle elevates the corners of the mouth and lips, and what is its origin and insertion? |
Zygomaticus. Zygomatic, angle of mouth and upper lip |
This part of your face scrunches up when you use this muscle. Be careful not to use this after someone cusses! |
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Which muscle closes the jaw and what is its origin and insertion? |
Masseter. Zygomatic arch, mandible |
You will use this a lot if you are a massive eater! |
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Sternocleidomastoid function,origin, and insertion |
Rotates and flexes head and neck. Sternum and clavicle, mastoid process |
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Which muscle extends the head and neck and moves or stabilizes the scapula, and what is its origin and insertion? |
Trapezius. Skull and upper vertebrae, scapula |
A trapeze artist needs to extend their head to see below them and stabilize their scapula so that they are balanced |
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Which muscle extends and helps a duck to the arm and what is its origin and insertion? |
Latissimus dorsi. Vertebrae and ilium, humorous |
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Which muscle abducts the arm and what is its origin and insertion? |
Deltoid. Classical and scapula, humerus |
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Biceps brachii function, origin, and insertion |
Flexes elbow. Scapula, radius |
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Triceps brachii function, origin, and insertion |
Extends elbow. Scapula and humerus, ulna |
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What is the another word for muscle pain? |
Myalgia |
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What is a word for any muscle inflammation? |
Myositis |
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What is the term for when tendon inflammation occurs with myositis? |
Fibromyositis |
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What are the muscles of the trunk? |
External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, diaphragm |
Even octopuses (Indian octopuses) try anything (really anything) @ dinner |
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Which muscles move the lower extremities? |
Illiopolis, sartorius, gluteus maximus |
I'll save Gemma's mother! |
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Which muscles are in the adductor group? |
Adductor longus, gracilis, pectineus |
Adam Long graces people |
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Which muscles are in the hamstring group? |
Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris |
Send Seaseme, my best friend |
