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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what did the UN declare 2005?
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international year for sport and physical activity
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what are 4 current issues in youth sport?
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institutionalization
increasing barriers - SES and environmental factors competition based programs rather than fun kids aren't as active - high obesity rates |
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Youth sport has the potential to accomplish these 3 important objectives:
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improved physical health
psychosocial development - cooperation, discipline, self-control motor skill development |
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possible outcomes of youth sport has been broken up into these 3 categories:
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physical health
psychological development social development |
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what is a developmental asset, how many of them are there and what did Benson describe them as?
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develop youth that will contribute to the community and interact in positive and effective manners
40 the building blocks for human development |
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what are the external assets (4)?
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comprise support, boundaries, expectations and constructive use of time
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what are the internal assets (4)?
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comprise commitment to learning, positive values and identities, social competencies
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what are the 8 important environmental considerations in a youth program setting? - passoopi
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physical and psychological safety
appropriate structure supportive relationships support for efficacy and mattering opportunity to belong opportunity for skill building positive social norms integration of family, school and community efforts |
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define a relaxed leisure activity and give examples:
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enjoyable but not demanding in terms of effort
watching tv, hanging out |
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define a constructive leisure activity, give examples, and what does Larson think of it?
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require sustained effort toward the achievement of a clear goal
sports, playing an instrument that it can foster development of initiative in children |
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what must an activity that promotes initiative development comprise? (3)
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be intrinsically motivating
involve concerted attention toward specific goals occur over an extended period of time |
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what are the 5 C's and who came up with them?
what is a possible 6th C that could be the result of these? |
competence, character, connection, confidence, caring/compassion
Lerner, Fisher and Weinberg contribution |
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define deliberate play:
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activities that are desired to maximize inherent enjoyment
flexible rules, less emphasis on winning |
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define deliberate practice:
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high structured activities that require effort, generate no immediate reward
motivated by the goal of improving performance |
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who is Tara Lapinski
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youngest gold medal winner in winter olympic history - 1998 nagano - women's figure skating
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define early specialization:
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high amounts of deliberate practice and low amounts of deliberate play
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what are 7 things that deliberate practice and early specialization can lead to at a young age?
during late adolescence and adult years? |
muscle overuse, overtraining, injury, athlete's failure to develop transferable skills, disappointment, discouragement and disappointment
strong predictor of elite performance |
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what are physical and psychological benefits and costs of early specialization?
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physical benefit - learn sport specific skills
physical cost - increased injuries and reduced health psychological benefit - self confidence in one sport psychological cost - lack of diverse experience, reduced enjoyment, pressure, dropout, burnout |
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what are the 3 roles of parents that Hellsledt proposed?
which is optimal? |
under involved - lack of emotional, financial or functional investment
moderately involved - firm parental direction, but enough flexibility so that the young athlete is allowed significant involvement in decision making over involved - excessive amounts of involvement in the athletic success of their children |
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what are the 4 kids of parents support?
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emotional
informational tangible companionship "network support" |
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what values should the parents of committed individuals espouse? (5)
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importance of achievement
hard work success being active persistence |
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name 3 important influences a parent can have on a child in youth development
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activity selection, intensity of effort, performance levels
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What are 5 concepts that define sport friendship quality?
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self esteem enhancement and supportiveness
loyalty and intimacy companionship and pleasant play things in common conflict resolution |
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there are 3 trajectories described in the developmental model of sport participation by cote and colleagues, what are they?
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1 - recreational participation through sampling
2 - elite performance through sampling 3 - elite performance through early specialization |
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in the first trajectory, what occurs in the two age groups and what are the predicted outcomes?
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sampling years (6-12) - high deliberate play, low deliberate practice, multisport involvement
recreational years (13+) - high deliberate play, low deliberate practice, activities that focus on health and fitness outcome - recreational participation |
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in the second trajectory what occurs in the 3 age groups and what is the expected outcome?
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sampling years (6-12) - high deliberate play, low deliberate practice, multisport involvement
specializing year (13-15) - balanced deliberate play and practice, involvement in fewer sports investment years (16+) - high deliberate practice, low deliberate play, focus on one sport outcome - elite performance, enhanced physical health |
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in the third trajectory what is the chronological order of events and what is the predicted outcome?
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early entry into sport - early specialization and investment - high deliberate practice, low deliberate play and focus on one sport
elite performance, reduced physical health, reduced enjoyment |
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define nature, in the traditional approach:
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the notion that the attainment of exceptional performance depends on a spacial genetic potential which can be identified in children
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define nature, in the traditional approach:
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the notion that the attainment of exceptional performance depends on a spacial genetic potential which can be identified in children
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define nurture:
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the notion that the performer becomes highly successful as a result of environmental factors such as training rather than innate abilities
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define nurture:
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the notion that the performer becomes highly successful as a result of environmental factors such as training rather than innate abilities
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what does the explicit definition of talent include? (5)
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talent is party innate
trained people will identify talent in advance early indications of talent provide a basis for prediciting who is likely to excel only a minority are talented talents are relatively domain specific |
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what does the explicit definition of talent include? (5)
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talent is party innate
trained people will identify talent in advance early indications of talent provide a basis for prediciting who is likely to excel only a minority are talented talents are relatively domain specific |
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what are 3 reasons that talent can't be used to predict exceptional performance?
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validity and usefulness are questionable
time consuming compensation phenomenon - deficiencies in one area of sport can be compensated for big a high level in others |
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what are 3 reasons that talent can't be used to predict exceptional performance?
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validity and usefulness are questionable
time consuming compensation phenomenon - deficiencies in one area of sport can be compensated for big a high level in others |
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in martens modern approach to talent development, what 5 concepts are presented?
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a shift from talent detection
complement method of orthodox science ideographic approaches introspective methods field studies to talent development |
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in martens modern approach to talent development, what 5 concepts are presented?
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a shift from talent detection
complement method of orthodox science ideographic approaches introspective methods field studies to talent development |
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what was the Benjamin Bloom study? what did he find?
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studied career evolution of 120 talented athletes, artists, etc.
found 3 critical stages of talent development - early years and stage inhibition, middle years and stage of development, later years and stage of perfection |
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what did Bloom find in the evolution of the role of the teacher/coach?
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middle years - more advanced and regarded as one of the best in their region
later years - relocating due to coach |
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what did Csikszentmitalyi and colleagues study?
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208 talented high school student and the development of talent based on a mind set
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define the flow model of optimal experience:
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subjective state experienced when individuals are completely connected to the task, to the point of losing track of time and being unaware of fatigue and everything else
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how is the flow experience enhanced by teachers (4)?
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encouraging students to excel
creating optimal learning environments understanding the students eliminating external rewards |
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what is the "punch drunk syndrome" and who is it relevant to?
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genetic selection and technology can establish if an athlete has a genetic disposition to a certain sports related injury - this one is a genetic predisposition to brain injury
boxers |