Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Robert K. Merton: anomie theory of deviance |
why people accept or reject the goals of society, the socially approved means of meeting those goals, or both. 1). innovation: the innovator accepts society's goals but pursues with means regarded as improper (drug dealer) 2). ritualism: abandoned the goal of material success and become compulsively committed to the institutional means (dead-end job) 3). retreatism: withdraw from both the goals and the means of society (doctor becomes a cook) 4). rebellion: feels alienated from the dominant means and goals and may seek a dramatically different social order (hippie commune) |
|
cultural transmission theory |
people learn criminal behavior through social interactions (drug use) |
|
social disorganization |
increases in crime and deviance can be attributed to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions such as family, school, church, and local government (leave home and start drinking) |
|
crime |
a violation of criminal law for which some government authority applies formal penalties |
|
victimless crime |
the willing exchange among adults of widely desired but illegal goods and services (sex work) |
|
organized crime |
the work of a group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in various illegal activities (mafia) |
|
labeling theory |
attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviant while others, whose behavior is similar, are not seen in such harsh terms |
|
income vs. wealth |
salaries and wages vs. property, bonds, assets |
|
Karl Marx: class differentiation |
bourgeoisie (haves): the capitalist class who owns the means of production proletariat (have nots): the working class class consciousness: a subjective awareness of common vested interests and a need for collective political action to bring about social change (unions) false consciousness: an attitude held by members of the class that doesn't accurately reflect its position (individualism) |
|
Max Weber: components of stratification |
1). class: a group of people who have a similar level of wealth and income lifestyles 2). status: people who have similar prestige and lifestyles 3). power: the ability to exercise one's will over another's 3). power: the ability to exercise one's will over another's |
|
poverty |
absolute: a minimal level of subsistence that no family should be expected to live below relative: a floating standard of deprivation by which people at the bottom of a society, whatever their lifestyle, are judged to be disadvantaged in comparison to the nation as a whole |
|
racial formation |
the socio-historical process in which racial categories are created, inhibited, transformed, and destroyed |
|
racial group |
people who are set apart from others because of obvious physical differences |
|
ethnic group |
are set apart from others because of national origin or distinctive cultural patterns
|
|
glass ceiling |
refers to an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity
|
|
prejudice |
is a negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial group
|
|
discrimination |
is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to certain groups based on arbitrary points
|
|
institutional discrimination |
refers to the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society |