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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Memory |
The mental process of acquiring and retaining information for later retrieval and the mental storage system that enables these processes. |
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Cognition |
The collections of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, thinking, and understanding, as well as the act of using those processes. |
(e.g. language) |
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Psychophysics |
The relationship between an external stimuli and your perception of it. |
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Gustav Fechner (1801-1878) |
- Creator of psychophysics - "perception is your reality but it is not necessarily reality" - There is not a 1:1 ratio between physical stimulus and psychological perception |
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Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1892) |
- Visual Perception - Unconscious inference |
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Unconscious Inference |
Inferences based on life experiences |
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Visual Perception governing principles |
1. The perceiver plays an active role in what is perceived. 2. It is an active process because it is based on experience 3. Most of the time these processes are unconscious |
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Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) |
- First to have a psych lab - Some argue he is the father of today's psychology - Created introspection - He was a pseudoscientist |
S->[*]->R |
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Introspection |
Thinking about thinking |
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Edward Titchener (1867-1927) |
- Founded Structuralism - Most influential person in american psychology |
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Structuralism |
The structure of the conscious mind, the sensations, images, and feelings that were the very elements of the mind's structure. |
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Herman von Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) |
- First person to use scientific methodology to study psychological phenomenon. - Studied non-sense syllables (saving score) - Studied memory (more specifically forgetting) |
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Ebbinghaus Forgetting curve |
1. Recall is harder the longer the list. 2. The more you study the more you remember. - This methodology is still used today |
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Sir Fredrick Charles Bartlett (1886-1969) |
- First professor of experimental psychology at Cambridge university - First person to show memory is reconstructive |
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William James (1842-1910) |
- Some argue he is the father of Psychology - Wrote the first book that showed psychology as a science - He was a Functionalist - Interested in how the mind works and how it adapts |
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Behaviorism (1910-1950) |
- stimulus and response are the most important part of the cognitive process |
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Classical Conditioning |
- Unconditioned stimulus - Unconditioned response - Conditioned stimulus - Conditioned response |
Pavlov's dog experiment |
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Behaviorism |
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"little Albert experiment" (John Watson) ; Skinner box (B. F. Skinner) |
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B.F. Skinner |
- Formalized the theory of behaviorism |
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Operant Conditioning |
- Reinforcement contingency - Escape contingency - Punishment contingency - Penalty Contingency |
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Reinforcement Contingency |
Giving something good |
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Escape Contingency |
Take away something bad |
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Punishment Contingency |
Giving some type of punishment |
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Penalty Contingency |
Taking away something good |
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